Error minimization and deterrence in agency control

In the presented oversight model, in which a regulatory agency may collude with regulatees, a watchdog organization may scrutinize the agency’s decision-making and find evidence speaking for collusive behavior. Found evidence is of a specific, stochastic quality. Courts will overturn the administrative decision when the evidence presented in court exceeds a minimum quality standard set by the political principal. Lowering the quality standard increases the odds of finding evidence of sufficient quality and, hence, leads to increasing collusion deterrence and to a lower probability of acquitting collusive administrators (type I error), but also to a higher probability of convicting an innocent administrator (type II error). It is shown that, when welfare-maximization gives rise to an interior solution, the welfare-maximizing standard of evidence is lower than the one that merely minimizes the costs of legal errors without taking deterrence costs into account, but will imply incomplete deterrence. However, conditions can and will be identified under which both error cost minimization and complete deterrence coincide with welfare-maximization.     

以德治国与社会主义市场经济

社会主义市场经济的发展,迫切要求道德建设跨上一个新的台阶。以德治国,法治与德治并举的思想,为建设与社会主义市场经济相适应的道德体系指明了方向。     

加强保密立法巩固改革成果

社会主义市场经济体制的逐步确立,高新技术的迅猛发展,使保密工作面临着许多新情况和新问题,因此,加强保密工作领域内的立法,深入剖析泄密的原因,探索保密工作的新思路,是切实保障改革成果的必由之路。     

领导干部的社会主义荣辱观

胡锦涛同志提出的社会主义荣辱观,涵盖了爱国主义、集体主义和社会主义的丰富内容,指明了社会主义市场经济条件下人们世界观、人生观、价值观的核心所在,明确了当代中国的道德评价体系和道德评价标准。高屋建瓴,切中时弊,具有强烈的现实针对性。各级领导干部应准确把握社会主义荣辱观的内涵,充分认识树立社会主义荣辱观的必要性,为全社会作出表率。     

中国政府形象传播目标模型

中国政府形象传播运作程序或运作过程,可分为五个基本步骤--调研、预测;计划(策划);传播、沟通(政府行为 对行为的解释);反馈、评估;矫正(形象修正).此五个环节相互衔接,不断循环上升,形成一个动态的循环式运转模式.它体现了政府形象传播流程的系统性、整体性和计划性.其核心是:政府与社会、公众的有效互动(双向模式),政府组织与其他组织的有效互动.     

政府促进科技创新比较研究

近年来 ,政府在创新中的作用呈现出加强之势。各国政府在促进创新中实施了不同的战略 ,如追赶型、重点化战略等 ;政府作用形成了三种代表类型 :美国模式、欧洲模式和东亚模式。创造适宜的环境 ,建立和完善风险投资机制、激励机制和知识产权保护机制是各国政府推动创新的主要措施。在转型期 ,我国政府在科技创新中应发挥主导作用 ,有效发挥宏观调控、导向和组织协调功能 ,为创新营造良好的软硬环境     

A Test of Generalizability of the Social Development Model Across Gender and Income Groups with Longitudinal Data from the Elementary School Developmental Period

The social development model (SDM) is a theory of behavior that has proven useful in explaining the etiology of delinquency, violence, and substance use among adolescents as well as early antisocial behavior among pre-adolescents. A further test of the model is its generalizability across population groups. A section of the SDM representing prosocial influences in the etiology of problem behavior was compared for boys and girls and for children from low- and non low-income families using three waves of child, parent and teacher survey data on a sample of 851 elementary school students. Multiple group structural equation modeling was used to assess differences across groups in both measurement of model constructs and hypothesized structural paths between constructs. The results indicate overall similarity in the reliability of measurement models and validity of structural models.     

论依法执政与依法治国

依法执政是依法治国的关键,依法治国为依法执政提供制度和理念上的保障。准确把握二者的关系,有助于推动我国的社会主义民主和法制建设。     

市场经济与民族精神重构

西方文化思潮的冲击,强烈而深刻地作用于当代中国人的心理和观念,影响着以爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义的思想道德为核心的民族精神的时代走向,发展有中国特色社会主义的文化,成为重构民族精神价值取向的重要内容。     

国家与经济发展:关于发展问题的深层次思考

研究一个国家的经济发展问题离不开政治因素的讨论。作为政治因素的核心,国家自然应进入我们的研究视野。应建立国家经济学,把政治观念与新古典的分析方法结合起来,探讨经济发展的源泉,揭示经济发展规律,研究经济发展问题。