中国社区矫正立法模式的选择

中国社区矫正立法有"先制定上位法,后制定下位法"与"先制定下位法,后制定上位法"两种立法模式。由《社区矫正法》的法律内容的探索性决定,由当代中国社区矫正的发展逻辑决定,由社区矫正的社会属性决定,由社区矫正法的法律属性决定,社区矫正立法宜采纳"先制定下位法,后制定上位法"的立法模式,先推动地方层面上的立法、部门层面上的立法,待时机成熟,再完成国家层面上的立法。     

当代中国社会保障权之可诉性透视——基于《人民法院案例选》（1992-2010）的文本分析

国家义务是实现社会保障权的法定义务。探讨社会保障权的可诉性,对全面把握和评判社会保障权之国家义务履行状况,具有决定性意义。以《人民法院案例选》（1992-2010）为参照系,当前中国对社会保障权的维护主要体现在社会保险权之工伤保险领域,在内容上主要表现为国家的尊重和保护义务。在明显具有给付性质或特征的社会保险权之养老保险、社会救助权、社会福利权等领域,国家对其法定义务的履行还任重而道远。在工伤认定案件中,法院对劳动者权利诉求的支持;以及在社会优抚权案件中,法院对《行政诉讼法》的扩张性解释,这些人性化举措都将如星星之火,可以燎原。     

紧急权力法及其理论的演变

紧急权力法律制度是一种内在矛盾的组合,其古代形态是古罗马专政制度和中止一般执法活动制度,近代形态主要是戒严法和围困状态法,现代则以紧急状态和紧急权力的规范形式兴盛于全球。西方的法律与紧急权力理论有例外型和规训型两类,前者主张紧急权力居于法律之外,后者主张紧急权力应受法律的充分规训。法律与紧急权力共有五种理论模式:调适、例外法、惯常、政治动员和权威专政。除惯常模式以外,其他四种模式都在中国出现过。中国现行紧急权力制度遵循政治动员、调适和例外法三种模式,未来发展是建立融合政治动员和例外法模式优点的调适模式制度。     

Laboratories of Statehood: Legal Intervention in Colonial Africa and Today

The immense body of contemporary work aimed at ‘promoting the rule of law’ is often accused of ‘neo‐imperialism’. Yet, despite many points of contiguity between past and present legal interventions, the charge is overbroad and rarely illuminating. This article attempts to move beyond polemic to track concrete historical and structural forerunners of today's rule of law work. Focusing mainly (though not exclusively) on late imperial British endeavours, it traces colonial legal interventions over time, the techniques adopted (and rejected), the shifting normative bases of legitimacy, and moments of strategic recalibration in the face of resistance. Three broad attitudes towards law across the period are (provisionally) characterised as ‘regulative’, ‘constitutive’ and ‘institutive’ moments. In each phase, the Powers treat colonial territories as laboratories of statehood, within which experiments are conducted to locate the optimal configuration of law. In conclusion some counterparts to these moments in today's ‘rule of law’ activities are identified.     

Uhlin,Anders. Post-Soviet Civil Society: Democratization in Russia and the Baltic States. London and New York,Routledge, 2006, ISBN: 0-415-36804-9.

The Baltic German politician and political thinker Paul Schiemann (1876–1944) is widely recognized as the most prominent defender of liberalism in the Baltic states during the interwar period. However, his liberal ideas have rarely been interpreted in their own right. This article explores the main presuppositions of Schiemann's liberalism: his conceptions of individual freedom, democracy, and cultural development. Although Schiemann's main intentions are liberal, his theory of the anational state includes significant Marxist elements, which call into question the potential of the democratic state. In my conclusions, I will argue that Schiemann's ideas still have theoretical relevance, which must be further explored in the context of contemporary liberal theory.     

New Methodism and Old: Churches,Police and State in Fiji, 2008–09

Abstract

Although Methodism has remained the dominant form of Christianity in Fiji, Methodist beliefs have been contested by a proliferation of Pentecostal/evangelical churches, but never more directly than by a new form of Methodism which flourished in the years up to 2009. This new church was called the New Methodist Church and, for a period in 2008 and 2009, the Fiji police forces were strongly encouraged to participate and finally to convert to it. This article is part of ongoing research that traces the alliances and challenges between Christianity and the state in Fiji.     

What Distinguishes Single from Recurrent Sexual Victims? The Role of Lifestyle‐Routine Activities and First‐Incident Characteristics

An unsettling reality is that a substantial proportion of women who have been sexually victimized are recurrent victims who experience more than one sexual victimization while young adults. What is not well understood is why some women experience a single sexual victimization whereas others experience recurrent sexual victimizations. Using a sample of 4,399 college women from the National College Women Sexual Victimization study, we examine lifestyle‐routine activities and first‐incident characteristics that could place women at risk of being recurrent sexual victims during an academic year. Our results show that none of the lifestyle‐routine activities variables differentiated single and recurrent victims; the factors that predicted being a single victim are similarly predictive of being a recurrent victim. However, women who used self‐protective action during the first incident reduced their likelihood of being a recurrent victim. Implications for the development of sexual victimization risk‐reduction and prevention programs are also discussed.     

The council of expediency: crisis and statecraft in Iran and beyond

Abstract

Giorgio Agamben argues that in contemporary governance the use of ‘emergency’ is no longer provisional, but ‘constitutes a permanent technology of government’ and has produced the extrajudicial notion of crisis. The engendering of ‘zones of indistinction’ between the law and its practice is what Agamben defines as a ‘state of exception’. This article adopts the notion enunciated by Agamben and revisits it in the Islamic Republic of Iran. There, the category of crisis has been given, firstly, a juridical status through the institution of maslahat, ‘expediency’, interpreted in a secular encounter between Shi^ca theological exegesis and modern statecraft. Secondly, crisis has not led to the production of a ‘state of exception’ as Agamben argues. Instead, since the late 1980s, a sui generis institution, the Expediency Council, has presided and decided over matters of crisis. Instead of leaving blind spots in the production of legislative power, the Expediency Council takes charge of those spheres of ambiguity where the ‘normal’ – and normative – means of the law would have otherwise failed to deliver. This is a first study of this peculiar institution, which invites further engagement with political phenomena through the deconstruction and theorization of crisis politics.     

曲马多依赖大鼠动物模型建立的实验研究

目的建立曲马多依赖大鼠动物模型。方法 30只大鼠平均分为3组,观察以60mg/kg曲马多灌胃给药与停药戒断过程中大鼠的身体依赖和精神依赖表现。结果曲马多依赖组大鼠在给药后15min内,对声音及触摸刺激反应性增高,奔跑、跳跃、竖尾等现象为3.9±0.4次/只,明显高于对照组的0.5±0.1次/只(P<0.05);条件性位置偏爱实验中,曲马多依赖组大鼠明显偏爱给药的白箱(P<0.05)。而戒断组在停止给药后出现烦躁不安、高度激惹、尖叫等行为4.9±0.7次/只,高于依赖组的0.6±0.2次/只(P<0.05);依赖组与戒断组大鼠体重明显下降(P<0.05)。结论以60mg/kg灌胃给药112d,大鼠对曲马多产生依赖,曲马多依赖大鼠动物模型建立成功。     

有关“国家主权”的法律思考

学界至今仍主要从＂权力＂角度来界定国家主权的概念,致使传统的国家主权理论出现瓶颈和困境,已无法满足国家实行对外全面交往的需要。一切事物的产生和发展必须有其＂章法＂,其在人类社会中则体现为法律,国家主权亦不例外。主权是国家在法律（包括国内法和国际法）的范围内,合法和合理地统治与管理国内外一切事务的权力,是权利和义务的对立统一体和平衡体。国家主权行为既是国家主权权力行为,同时也是国家主权权利行为和义务行为,而权力和义务是国家主权在法和法律关系中的本质体现。