20世纪90年代以来中国公民资格权利的发展

从公民资格权利发展角度考察我国的社会转型有利于分析、解释国家面临的挑战和宏观发展轨迹。1990年代以来,在市场经济的发展、社会的分化和利益的多元化、社会公平问题、政府转型的大背景下,我国公民资格权利取得了一定进展:与市场经济建设相关的公民权利内容进一步发展,民主政治的实践使公民政治权利的形式和内容有所充实,社会权利的保护和发展尚处于探索当中。从宏观角度看,公民资格诸权利呈现出分化发展和相互推动的特点;国家主导制度构建与公民积极行使权利构成公民资格权利发展的双动力;户籍制度对权利的分等作用弱化,平等的公民资格权利的普遍化进程加速;程序性权利的设置与保障仍然不足,呈现出探索性特征。     

电针对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力及脑血流量的影响

目的：观察电针对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia，VD）模型大鼠学习记忆能力和局部服血流量（regional cerebral blood flow,rCBF )的影响。方法：用双侧颈总动脉反复缺血－再灌注结合腹腔注射硝普钠法，并配合行为学测试确定模型。术后7d电针百会、大椎、足三里（双）治疗。用跳台法评价各组大鼠不同时期的学习记忆能力，治疗后测定各组大鼠顶叶有海马rCBF。结果：VD大鼠在电针治疗后的行为学测试成绩明显提高（P＜0．01），其低下的大脑顶叶及海马rCBF水平明显改善（P＜0．01）。结论：电针对VD大鼠的学习记忆能力有显的改善作用；电针能促使机体低灌流的缺血服组织灌流水平恢复，可能有助于与学习记忆相关的传导环路的修复。     

The emergence of ‘citizenship’ in popular discourse: the case of Scotland

ABSTRACT

The 2014 Scottish Referendum gauged public opinion on the possibility of Scotland leaving the United Kingdom, raising significant questions about the legitimacy of claims to citizenship in the event of independence. Through a mixed methods survey, this study explored the ways in which citizenship emerged in popular discourse in the lead up to the Scottish referendum. Findings point to an emphasis in public discourse on a commitment to and participation in society, instead of the more traditional citizenship markers of ancestry, birthplace or residency. Data indicates a view of citizenship encompassing status and practice, while identity was framed in terms of more static notions of birthplace and ancestry. The salience of social participation was noticeably greater in respondents’ assessment of others’ potential Scottish citizenship than their own. Specifically, the study highlights the salience of relational aspects of citizenship in popular discourse, with an emphasis on social citizenship in preference to legal citizenship. The study constitutes a significant contribution to ongoing discussions about ‘participatory citizenship’ in the field of Citizenship studies, by providing much needed empirical data on social conceptualizations of citizenship.     

未成年人犯罪行为的心理分析——以“四少年冷漠杀人案”为例

未成年人违法犯罪的某些行为是由未成年人的心理特点决定的。处于这一阶段的未成年人由于思维不成熟、自我意识高涨、反抗心理强烈,再加上社会化不完整,常常导致道德发展滞后、人格存在缺陷,从而诱发了未成年人的违法犯罪。因此,家庭教育和学校教育应相互配合、相互拟补,共同做好未成年人违法犯罪的预防工作。     

Rethinking Timing of First Sex and Delinquency

The relation between timing of first sex and later delinquency was examined using a genetically informed sample of 534 same-sex twin pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, who were assessed at three time points over a 7-year interval. Genetic and environmental differences between families were found to account for the association between earlier age at first sex and increases in delinquency. After controlling for these genetic and environmental confounds using a quasi-experimental design, earlier age at first sex predicted lower levels of delinquency in early adulthood. The current study is contrasted with previous research with non-genetically informative samples, including Armour and Haynie (2007, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 141–152). Results suggest a more nuanced perspective on the meaning and consequences of adolescent sexuality than is commonly put forth in the literature.

高效能：中国政府的行为选择

政府与社会处在一个互动的过程中 ,并且政府以推动社会发展为己任。社会的发展即为社会的现代化。现代化的实现有赖于高效政府对它的促进和推动 ,这已为现实所证明。中国现在正处于现代化的进程之中 ,所以中国现代化实现的前提是拥有一个高效能的政府。鉴于目前中国政府效能不高这一事实 ,高效能理应成为中国政府的行为选择。中国政府达到高效能有五条途径 :加强行政立法 ,依法行政 ;广开言路 ,政务公开 ;积累社会资本 ,转变政府职能 ;建立科学的决策系统 ,制定良好的公共政策 ;建立高效、忠诚和廉洁的公务员队伍     

我国艾滋病行为干预的现实状况与基本评价

艾滋病行为干预是预防、控制艾滋病的重要技术手段,其内容框架主要包括对象、形式、目标、原则、措施等。近年来,我国政府通过采取各种各样的措施,广泛开展行为干预,积极应对艾滋病,取得了明显的成效,但同时也存在不少问题。要充分认识加强艾滋病行为干预工作的重要性和紧迫性,切实认真地执行艾滋病行为干预的政策规定,更加广泛、深入和持久地开展艾滋病的行为干预活动,加大监管力度,分类实施相应的行为干预措施。     

Raised By a Predator: Sex Offender Parents and an Effort To Keep Them Out of the Child's Home

Registered sex offenders are obligated to comply with rules put forth by their state's registry. While there are stringent guidelines regarding the offender's interaction with the public, a sex offender's ability to obtain custody of their child is less rigid. Statutes differ on the level of scrutiny referencing their right to parent, which leaves an opening for offenders to abuse their child. This Note proposes the adoption of a model statute in which registered Tier III sex offender parents who were convicted for a crime involving a minor are precluded from gaining physical or legal custody of their child.     

Heterosexuality and Race in the Australian Same-Sex Marriage Postal Survey

ABSTRACT

This article argues that race and class are central aspects of sexual citizenship in a Australia. It does so by investigating representations of heterosexuality that were produced and circulated during the 2017 same-sex marriage postal survey. Engaging with feminist and critical race theorists, we position same-sex marriage as not exceptional but part of a wider distribution of sexual citizenship within Australia's ongoing settler colonial history. We do so by introducing a number of illustrative examples of representations of heterosexuality produced during the survey. These representations reveal how same-sex marriage perpetuated heterosexual authority by asserting claims to authenticity and the occupation of space. We observe how heterosexuality in the survey material reproduced fantasies linking these three themes, for example, in an authentic white heterosexual family who speaks from their suburban backyard. It reveals that ceding to a bifurcated view of either progressive or conservative voices forestalls rather than advances other visions which may exceed the limited imaginings of sexual citizenship offered by the white liberal settler colonial state.     

‘Living Rights’, rights claims,performative citizenship and young people – the right to vote in the Scottish independence referendum

This paper examines the rights claims-making that young people engaged in during the 2014 Scottish independence referendum when the right to vote was extended to 16- and 17-year-olds for the first time in the UK. Understanding citizenship and rights claims-making as performative, we draw on the novel idea of ‘living rights’ to explore how young people ‘shape what these rights are – and become – in the social world’. They are co-existent and situated within the everyday lives of young people, and transcend the traditional idea that rights are merely those that are enshrined in domestic and/or international law. We explore the complex and contested nature of rights claims that were made by young people as ‘active citizens’ in the lead up to the referendum to illustrate how the rights claims-making by young people is bound up with the performativity of citizenship that entails identity construction, political subjectivity (that challenges adult-centric approaches) and social justice.