浅议公安院校的心理健康教育

通过对公安院校学生的心理健康状况的分析,可以看出公安院校学生的心理问题具有鲜明特点,这就要求公安院校应采取针对性的措施,实施有特色的心理健康教育,帮助学生提高心理健康水平,促进身心和谐发展,培养出合格的人民警察,将来才能承担起国家、社会、人民赋予的重任。     

从方言俗语看地方人性格——兼谈福州人性格对闽都非物质文化遗产的影响

从丰富生动、耳熟能详的福州方言俗语中体味福州底层平民文化性格特点。分析自然环境、历史传统、经济区位环境对福州人文性格成因的影响,探究平民性格在近现代福州精英性格、精英精神升华中的基础性作用。探讨福州非物质文化遗产特点与福州平民性格特点的某些内在关联,提出现当代抢救、保护、传承与弘扬福州优秀非物质文化遗产的几点思考。     

国外警察院校人才培养模式的要素化解析

以警察院校人才培养模式的构成要素为切入点,解析国外尤其是发达国家警察院校的人才培养模式,其在人才培养理念、培养目标、培养特色、培养资源运用、师资队伍建设、课程体系设置以及人才培养活动评估等方面表现出很强的针对性、实用性和实战性特征。     

论高等院校学生应用写作能力的培养

随着社会的发展,大学生的应用写作能力受到社会各界的普遍关注。然而在很多高等院校,应用写作教学却存在诸多问题。学生的应用写作知识贫乏,应用写作能力极为欠缺,与社会需求相去甚远。因此,高等院校在应用写作教学方面需加大力度,引导学生认清学习应用写作的重要意义,并从教学方法、实践训练、教学手段、教学评价等方面入手,全面提高应用写作的教学质量,培养学生的应用写作能力。     

论当代大学生科学人权观念的培育

公民人权观念的培育是建设社会主义政治文明的基础,对大学生人权观念的培育则是公民人权观念培育的先导。现阶段加强大学生科学人权观念的培育具有特殊的必要性和紧迫性。应用中国特色社会主义人权观教育学生,在人权特性、内容、享有主体以及与主权的关系上坚持普遍性与特殊性的统一、经济社会文化权利与政治权利的统一、个人人权与集体人权的统一、人权与主权的统一。目前,可以通过相关教材内容改革、师资队伍建设和课堂教学改革等途径,加强当代大学生科学人权观念的培育。     

Kids are Different: The United States Supreme Court Reforms Youth Sentencing Practices for Youth Prosecuted in the Criminal Justice System

In a series of decisions issued between 2005‐2016, the United States Supreme Court relied on emerging scientific research detailing the developmental differences between children and adults to revamp its juvenile sentencing jurisprudence under the Eighth Amendment. The research established that youth’s developmental immaturity reduces their culpability for their criminal conduct, while also demonstrating their heightened capacity for change and rehabilitation. The Court focused on the most extreme sentences for youth, banning the imposition of the death penalty on youth under the age of eighteen in Roper v. Simmons (2005), and severely limiting the availability of life without parole sentences even for youth convicted of murder, in Graham v Florida (2010) and Miller v Alabama (2012). This article traces the Court’s evolution in reviewing sentences for youth in our justice system, and considers how the Court’s reasoning in these cases may influence further reforms in the justice system’s treatment of youth looking ahead.     

Consequences of mental and physical health for reentry and recidivism: Toward a health‐based model of desistance*

During the last few decades, criminologists have identified several adult roles and statuses, including employment, positive family relations, and economic stability, as critical for promoting successful reintegration and desistance. Very few researchers, however, have investigated the conditions that serve to bring about these transitions and successes crucial for behavior change. As a complement to a burgeoning amount of literature on the impact of incarceration on health, we emphasize the reverse: Health has important implications for reentry outcomes and reincarceration. Informed by multiple disciplines, we advance a health‐based model of desistance in which both mental and physical dimensions of health affect life chances in the employment and family realms and ultimately recidivism. Investigating this issue with longitudinal data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) and structural equation models, we find overall support for the health‐based model of desistance. Our results indicate several significant pathways through which both manifestations of health influence employment, family conflict, financial problems, and crime and reincarceration. The findings highlight the need for implementation of correctional and transitional policies to improve health among the incarcerated and avert health‐related reentry failures.     

De Novo Advanced Adult‐Onset Offending: New Evidence from a Population of Federal Correctional Clients

Adult antisocial behavior is almost always predated by delinquency during childhood or adolescence; however, there is also evidence of adult‐onset criminal offending. This study examined this controversial subgroup of offenders using self‐reported and official data from a total population of federal correctional clients selected from the Midwestern United States. Difference of means t‐tests, chi‐square tests, and logistic regression models found that 11.7% of clients had an adult onset of offending and 2.7% of clients (n = 23) had an onset occurring at age 60 years or older. This group—introduced as de novo advanced adult‐onset offenders—had high socioeconomic status, mixed evidence of adverse childhood experiences, and virtually no usage of drugs with the exception of alcohol. These offenders were primarily convicted of social security and white‐collar crimes and evinced remarkably low psychopathology and criminal risk. More research is needed to replicate the phenomenon of de novo advanced adult‐onset offending.     

大学生人际关系完美主义量表初编

为从人际关系角度编制适合中国文化背景的大学生多维完美主义量表,本研究在理论分析、访谈和参考完美主义相关量表的基础上,收集和编制描述完美主义者人际关系方面的心理特征项目,建立初步问卷,然后对取自大学生人群的数据进行探索性和验证性因素分析,对问卷的因素进行检验。结果表明,量表包含34个项目,5个维度（分量表）,分别是与人比较、自我导向、他人导向、他—他导向、社会导向。因素分析显示中国大学生人际关系完美主义量表具有较理想的心理测量学特性,具有较好的临床实用价值。     

日本成年人监护制度的最新发展及对我国立法的启示

成年人监护制度及其与之配套的社会保障制度已成为市场经济国家不可缺少的重要制度,是社会稳定的安全网和经济发展的调节器,日本已形成了一套相对完善的体系。针对我国高龄化的社会背景,在引进任意监护制度和辅助制度,引进“平常化”和“对自我决定的尊重”等外国的先进理念时;同时也要注重法律体系的和谐,发挥本土法律优势。