Traveling AI-essentialism and national AI strategies: A comparison between South Korea and France

In this paper, I investigate what common discourses National AI Strategies (NAISs) share and how they have unfolded differently in diverging national contexts. For this purpose, I compare the South Korean and French cases by relying on the notions of sociotechnical imaginary and future essentialism. I analyze (1) the emergence of the common discourses, which I call AI-essentialism, over the past decade; (2) the development of imaginaries around IT in Korea and France in the twentieth century, namely technological developmentalism and the American challenge, respectively; and (3) the integration of the traveling AI-essentialism and nationally embedded imaginaries of IT into each country's NAISs. The analysis indicates that: (1) AI-essentialism incorporated discursive strategies, enabling political and industrial leaders to naturalize AI development, hence justifying increased investments in the field; (2) two countries' imaginaries of IT diverged due to the successes and failures throughout the second half of the twentieth century; and (3) while two countries' NAISs share AI-essentialism's discursive instruments, their specific measures and unfolding have varied in relation to each case's existing imaginaries of IT.     

Introducing the Open Clause to improve copyright flexibility in cyberspace? Analysis and commentary on the proposed “two-step test” in the Third Amendment to the Copyright Law of the PRC,in comparison with the EU and the US

The so called “three-step test”, that the limitations and exceptions of copyright shall be allowed in certain special cases, provided that they do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author, grants copyright flexibilities to balance the interests of all stakeholders, especially within the European system of circumscribed limitations and exceptions. This is essential for the domain of computer law, confronted by rapid and unpredictable global technological developments, and is, thus, enshrined in the most important international intellectual property (IP) treaties. Through the proposed third amendment to the Copyright Law of the PRC, the legislature intends to adopt this test while also introducing an open-ended list of limitations and exceptions that constitutes a China-specific “two-step test.” This contravenes prima facie the thesis endorsed by the WTO Panel in the case concerning Section 110(5) of the US Copyright Act in 2000. In contrast, court decisions in China frequently apply the fair use doctrine of US copyright law, neglecting to consider its peculiar context of the US common law tradition and, thus, unduly expanding the Chinese courts' discretionary power.This paper summarizes the case law in China and takes a comparative approach to address the divergence between the judicial application of cyber copyright law and the existing legislation. It suggests revising the proposed Article 43 of the Copyright Law of the PRC to capture the due interpretation of the three-step test, thereby finessing the delineation between rights protection and free use with the compensation of remuneration under the principle of proportionality. It argues that transplanting the US fair use doctrine into Chinese copyright law is feasible, but with the preconditions of endeavouring to strengthen judicial reform to integrate the IP adjudication systems, enhancing the coherence and efficiency of copyright enforcement, and facilitating consistent dialogues between scholars, practitioners, and lawmakers.     

A Neoconservative Consensus in Russia?

This article analyzes the ideational consensus that has taken shape in contemporary Russian politics, including its key components, and factors both of stability and of potential erosion. Noting the extraordinary durability of this consensus, which is supported by factors including the duration of the regime itself, its support among elites and the bureaucracy, effective mobilizational propaganda and conservative orientations among the middle classes and dominant public opinion, the author draws attention to several factors – as yet less evident – that may in the future change the situation. Among these are the volatility of public opinion, potential intra-elite dynamics, and the internal contradictions of the neo-conservative idea itself.     

东北亚能源问题变数分析

石油安全是东北亚各国面临的共同问题。以俄远东油气资源的开发利用为核心 ,东北亚各国出于维护各自的国家利益 ,或合作、或竞争 ,展开了多方博弈。在远东能源格局中 ,中国利用远东能源资源的道路将是曲折的。     

广西参与中国——东盟无障碍旅游区建设策略与方案探讨

本文从广西与东盟各国在旅游交通、旅游行业政策与谅解方案、旅游人才培养与人才服务体系、文化交流、信息平台建设沟通等方面的合作,对广西参与中国-东盟无障碍旅游区建设策略与方案进行探讨,提出一些对策和建议,希望能对中国-东盟无障碍旅游区建设有参考作用.     

对后结构调整时期非洲主流经济发展战略与政策的批判性思考

多方面证据表明,非洲现行经济发展战略与政策基本上仍是过去经济结构调整计划的延续或翻版。经济结构调整计划曾因广受争议和反对而被弃之不用,但该计划的主导思想和主要政策框架在换上减债计划、减贫战略等新的外包装后继续掌控非洲经济发展进程,根源在于非洲国家长期以来在物质层面严重依赖外部世界,它们在精神层面所追求的独立自主理想缺少实现空间。短期内非洲国家真正自主选择和决定其经济发展战略与政策的空间还不是很大。但无论如何,非洲国家在依赖外部世界求发展的进程中必须树立自力更生、自主发展的观念,要力争使所获外援为内生发展创造条件、为摆脱外援创造条件。     

法治视角下水库移民类群体性事件的思考——以云南绥江“3．25堵路事件”为例

云南绥江“3．25堵路事件”是典型的水库移民类群体性事件,反映了我国水库移民普遍存在的共性矛盾。从法治视角看,私权保护不足是引发水库移民类群体性事件发生的主要原因。在实体层面,未将“人”作为考量水库建设可行性的主要因素,对水库移民的补偿不足。在程序层面,公民难以参与公共决策,权利救济的路径狭窄。预防与控制水库移民类群体性事件的主要对策是：慎行水库移民,完善移民补偿立法,建立移民程序机制,慎用强权对待权利诉求。     

政府在食品安全监管中的职能转变与策略选择——基于北京市场的案例调研

基于对我国食品安全监管现状的认识,本文提出了以政府为主导的食品安全控制体系向以企业为主导的食品安全保证体系的发展方向;以农产品批发市场为例,通过案例调研进一步阐述传统监管体系在实际运行中存在的问题及转变政府职能的必要性,如监管重复化、程式化和低效率,市场执行效果不好,抽检规范化、标准化和信息追溯可信度低等;并通过博弈模型分析政府和企业(市场)进行食品安全监管和控制的行为决策过程,找出通过政府职能的转变而促使企业从"反应型食品安全监管"向"自主型食品安全监管"转变的关键所在与有效路径,为提升我国食品安全监管效率、创新食品安全监管模式提供思路。     

贵州实施工业强省战略的制度约束及对策

贵州制度创新滞后,成为实施工业强省战略的制度约束,因而亟待在行政管理体制方面进行创新,其主要目标是建立公共服务体制。为保证地方政府制度创新顺利推进和整体效能,还应在制度规划和创新方式上注意三个问题：正式制度创新与非正式制度创新并重;核心制度创新与配套制度创新相结合;自创式制度创新与借鉴式制度创新兼顾。