中华法系与世界主要法律体系——从法系到法律样式的学术史考察

法系论自穗积陈重提出伊始,就存在着对世界法律体系划分标准不一的困难。本文通过学术史的考察认为,以往的中华法系研究基本上没有跳出法系论的框架。事实上,中华法系研究不仅是印证法系论的个例,更孕育着比较法研究开新的学术价值。武树臣教授从中国法律研究中提炼出法律样式的学说,为重建中华法系和再造比较法的奠定了新的范式基础。     

Weakening forensic science in Spain: from expert evidence to documentary evidence

An amendment in 2002 to the Spanish Code of Criminal Procedure converted into documentary evidence the expert reports prepared by official laboratories aimed at determining the nature, weight, and purity of seized drugs. In most cases, experts are spared from appearance before the courts. This is likely to be extended to other forensic fields. After an overview of criminalistic identification in current forensic science, the objectivity and reliability concepts used by jurists and scientists are considered by comparing the paradigm of individualization with that of likelihood. Subsequently, a detailed critical study is made on the above-mentioned Spanish legal reform, and a comparison is made with the decision on the Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts case as ruled by the Supreme Court of the United States. Although the reform is in compliance with the Spanish Constitution, it is at odds with science, in particular regarding the logic underpinning the scientific evaluation of evidence.     

‘Language of lies’: Urgent issues and prospects in verbal lie detection research

Since its introduction into the field of deception detection, the verbal channel has become a rapidly growing area of research. The basic assumption is that liars differ from truth tellers in their verbal behaviour, making it possible to classify them by inspecting their verbal accounts. However, as noted in conferences and in private communication between researchers, the field of verbal lie detection faces several challenges that merit focused attention. The first author therefore proposed a workshop with the mission of promoting solutions for urgent issues in the field. Nine researchers and three practitioners with experience in credibility assessments gathered for 3 days of discussion at Bar-Ilan University (Israel) in the first international verbal lie detection workshop. The primary session of the workshop took place the morning of the first day. In this session, each of the participants had up to 10 min to deliver a brief message, using just one slide. Researchers were asked to answer the question: ‘In your view, what is the most urgent, unsolved question/issue in verbal lie detection?’ Similarly, practitioners were asked: ‘As a practitioner, what question/issue do you wish verbal lie detection research would address?’ The issues raised served as the basis for the discussions that were held throughout the workshop. The current paper first presents the urgent, unsolved issues raised by the workshop group members in the main session, followed by a message to researchers in the field, designed to deliver the insights, decisions, and conclusions resulting from the discussions.     

Localization Path of the Research Paradigms of Legal Commentary in China — Focusing on the Public Legal Service Function of the Case-Commentary Research on the Style of Civil Litigation Documents

Conducting case-commentary research on the style of civil litigation documents is a key method for judges to produce legal documents, develop professional writing and creative skills, and enhance legal thinking. Such a study is an important way to deepen the reform of the judicial power operation mechanism and to improve the trial management mode. Considering the background of the judicial responsibility system reform, the localization of the research paradigms and case-commentary methods of the style of litigation documents can help reach the consensus of the legal professional community. It also helps promote judgment rules and the spirit of the law. Legal commentaries convey the important functions of public legal services to the public. It is necessary to integrate the Style of Civil Litigation Documents, the “one-stop” litigation service with the reform practice of judicial committees in China, and conduct detailed research on the procedural ruling function and guiding function of the style of civil litigation documents. By studying the guiding function of civil litigation document style for judicial behavior, litigation procedure, and entity processing, it is good for judges to broaden their ideas and methods to write civil litigation documents, enabling an examination of the localization path and method of the legal commentary research paradigm and demonstrating how to continue using the paradigm within the context of the comprehensive reform of the judicial system. Moreover, the study emphasizes how to exert the function of public legal services integrated with the style of civil litigation documents.     

试论“世界性因素”的范式意义及其问题意识

陈思和先生"世界性因素"理论架构的提出及相关研究实践,对中外文学关系研究领域具有一定的范式转型意义.它针对以实证为基础的影响研究的局限性,倡导对"20世纪中国文学中的世界性因素"进行研究,强调树立中国文学的主体性地位,为整个中外文学关系的研究提供了一个新思路.     

对行政法发展的"范式转换论"之商榷

"范式转换论"研究方法的缺陷是:将适用于自然科学领域的"范式"方法用来分析中国行政法发展的理论问题,将行政法发展视为是一个"革命"的过程;它提出行政法的基本问题应以问题为定向,以公共利益为主导.行政法学研究应以公共利益为分析视角等观点是不符合行政法历史和现实发展趋势的.它仅仅对行政法本体论方面做些转变,就认为中国行政法体系实现了从国家行政范式向公共行政范式转换,显得过于草率和仓促.     

国际政治经济学的理论范式:一种比较分析

国际政治经济学是由众多思想和观点构成的一个理论集群。大体上分为现实主义(又称重商主义或民族主义)、自由主义和马克思主义(社会主义)三大范式。在国家与市场的政治经济安排上,现实主义主张政治决定经济,权力统制市场,市场经济服从和服务于国家权力的需要,现实主义者追求国家利益最大化,其基本价值观是国家权力至上。自由主义认为政治与经济之间是自治关系,自由市场与权力机构之间关系本质上是和谐共存的,自由主义者追求个人福利最大化,其基本价值观是个体自由优先。马克思主义强调经济基础决定上层建筑,上层建筑对经济基础具有反作用,认为国家与市场之间隐含着内在的矛盾性和冲突性,经济因素是资本主义国际关系的动力源泉,决定着国际政治的发展与演变进程。马克思主义追求阶级利益最大化,其基本价值观是社会公正和人类解放。     

西方领导研究百年回顾与展望

本文回顾了在西方领导研究的百年历史中涌现出的影响深远的重要理论成果,然后在此基础上概括出领导研究的范式及理论框架,提出了领导学研究中存在的重要问题,并展望了其未来的发展方向.     

论理性主义的双重角色

从国际关系理论和思想史的发展来看,有多重涵义的理性主义主要在思想传统和研究范式两方面中扮演不同的角色.本文从这两个角度出发,分析了作为思想传统和作为研究范式的理性主义各自不同的提出背景、内涵、特点、地位与影响等,并从继承和异化的两方面来对二者进行了初步比较.     

侦查现代化论纲

侦查现代化是一个传统型侦查制度向现代型侦查制度转型和进化的历史过程,其根本精神要旨在于侦查程序制度的理性化。作为法制现代化研究的一个特定领域,侦查现代化研究通常有类型学、西方化、多元化三种范式。侦查现代化评价标准的导出语境是现代性理论有关理性精神的探索,作为现代性精神枢纽的三种理性历史范型,工具理性、价值理性、交往理性分别从不同的层面和角度对侦查现代化的评价标准提出了各自的实证性标准要求。结合社会进化所提出的以目的为取向的回应型法律发展目标,侦查现代化的基本趋向将是一条回应社会、以实现社会秩序、安全和自由为方向的进化路径。