African Customary Law and Common Law in South Africa: Reconciling Contending Legal Systems

ABSTRACT

The multicultural fabric of contemporary South African society is the result of the interaction between various and differing historical narratives, each with their own knowledge system, which led to the emergence of legal pluralism. The common law and African customary law are the major legal systems. A historical- political construction of the common law indicates that it has been influenced by the dominant political power. From an historical perspective, the contraction and expansion of the common law is due to its continuous deconstruction, whereby new knowledge is introduced into the existing system. Section 173 of the Constitution of 1996 provides that the judiciary is now responsible for developing the common law. However, under the new constitutional dispensation, the reconstruction of African customary law that is now on an equal footing with the common law indicates that it is being remodelled to fit the mould of Western legal values. In order to achieve jurisprudential parity between the two systems, the humanistic values of ubuntu should be adopted to infuse African equity into the common law. The realisation of this objective is possible if an interpretative paradigm is recognised as a means of ameliorating the legalistic consequences of the prevalent positivist paradigm. Within an African Renaissance model, adherence to an interpretative paradigm would advance restorative justice, and curriculum transformation along with research and development that resonate African/South African values. This would instil new vigour into the law and the Constitution that is seemingly becoming stulted due to its adherence to Western values.     

生态法治元论

迈向生态文明不仅是政策的主观选择,更是社会发展的客观必然。人与生境的现实紧张表现为错综复杂的社会关系,在空间性、时间性、主体间性、行为间性四个维度呈现出相互交织的矛盾样态。调整复杂的矛盾关系、建设生态文明,要求法治的因应变迁。生态法治相较于人本法治的质性迈进突出反映在作为法治基本范式的"权利"在内涵方面的拓展和外延方面的丰富。生态法治因之呈现出统筹性、前瞻性与科学性三个典型特性。在规约建构方面,生态法治要求完备性立法和多层次建制。在运行实施中,必须强力施治,反哺法律权威;创新机制,诱致自我实施,并通过伦理文化的辅助导正行为。     

公安学专业课程单元教学设计范式研究

适应新形势下公安院校人才培养的要求,采用单元教学方式能够最大可能地实现＂教、学、练、战一体化＂的目标。单元教学方式区别于传统的教学方式,涉及到教学内容的安排、教学方法与手段的选取、教师与学生的角色定位等方面。对单元教学进行有别于传统教学方式的设计既是单元教学活动本身的要求,更是实现课程教学目标的要求。公安学专业课程单元教学设计应根据主题开发重组教学内容;依据单元教学目标、教学资源、学生特点以及教师自身的条件选择实训教学法、案例讨论法等实践性强的教学方法;模仿公安执法的现实情境营造教学压力,引入心理训练手段设计教学实施过程并精心准备教学资源。     

Crises and Paradigm Shift

Crises can force leaders and technocrats together, highlight failures and, more rarely, precipitate changes in ideological worldview and the prevailing consensus. In 2007–8, the worst financial and economic crises since the Great Depression of 1929 caused a paradigm shift in financial and regulatory ideology. G20 leaders and central bankers reasserted collective power and authority over financial markets and global banks to an extent and in a manner not seen since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971. The retreat of state authority reversed direction. The spell of the ‘mystical Anglo‐Saxon model of liberalisation and deregulation’ was broken. In 2014 the paradigm shift is still underway and still under attack by recalcitrant bank CEOs and their lobbyists, but the shift may be durable—signalling a major change in international regulation of the world's largest financial markets and firms.     

反思性法制现代化初论

反思性法制现代化的规范基础是商谈政治,法律范式是程序法。中国法制现代化事业应反思西方法制现代化运动轨迹,针对自身社会发展状况,创生一条具有独特个性也切合反思性法制现代化一般要求的合理性道路。     

警务战术的本质、知识生成与运用

根据“战术”所固有的前提——博弈，只有在实战警务中才存在“战术”。警务战术是由警务战略统御的、直接左右局部实战警务行动成败，集科学性、技术性、谋略性、艺术性于一身的方法。警务战术知识要达到本然的科学性，即客观性、可靠性、有效性，应实现认识论、系统论指导下的范畴化和体系化，特别是采用集中体现科学主义精神的实证主义方法。警务战术的运用过程应符合实践一般决策过程的原理、原则、规则、程序，并保持自身的特性和特点。警务战术运用的过程范式是：收集信息、筛挖信息；情势研判、做出决策；精心部署、认真实施三个环节。     

法学研究的跨科越界与社会科学方法论

在现代性下，法学研究需要跨学科研究的取向，需要吸收并活用其他社会科学知识与方法，具有一种对社会科学方法论的自觉认识，坚持对既有的学术范式与框架的尊重与运用，坚持经典理论文本的解读。唯有如此才可能提出新的法律思想与理论。     

课程研究的文化学路向

从斯宾塞的"什么知识最有价值"到阿普尔"谁的知识最有价值",说明课程研究的范式已经发生了转向,即由关注课程的技术性到关注课程的政治性,由强调课程的客观性到强调课程的意义性,由追求课程的科学性到追求课程的文化性.这就是课程研究的文化学路向.     

返本开新：60年马克思主义哲学中国化的理性反思

马克思主义哲学中国化的发展历程主要经历了三个阶段：贯穿于这三个阶段中的研究范式主要是文本研究范式、对话研究范式和现实研究范式，而这三种研究范式的精髓集中于一点，就是返本开新。理性反思返本开新可以发现，建构中国化马克思主义哲学的当代形态的关键在于：面向中国问题，建构中国风格、中国气派和中国特色的马克思主义哲学。     

司法确认制度及其价值的法哲学拷问——一个合法性范式分析视角

以司法确认"定西经验"为研究范本,以谱系合法性、实质合法性和经验合法性作为合法性范式典型分类,司法确认制度在权力来源、价值衡量、社会支持等方面均要接受合法性范式检视。在反思合法性范式自身局限性基础上,在防范"偏至思维"前提下,司法确认制度整体合法性范式考量的宽容立场得以生成,但对司法确认制度试验能动式扩展其调整范围需要持以审慎立场。司法确认制度合法性范式分析呈现动态特性,当"法律精英主义"干预与社会自治水平处于此消彼长之时,司法确认制度需要接受合法性范式的重新洗礼。