电子证据带给行政执法工作的挑战与对策

电子证据作为一种崭新的证据种类已经在执法实践中发挥了比较大的作用。但由于现行法律还没有对电子证据给予明确的规定,因此,有关电子证据的概念问题、其法律地位的界定问题、其法律价值的评价问题等应是电子证据研究的首要问题。此外,研究电子证据可以对具体的行政执法工作提供有益的帮助。     

允协情法:民初行政诉讼中的审判技艺——以《平政院裁决录存》为素材的考察

民初平政院对行政处分的审查并不局限于合法性层面,而是通过形成和运用"允协情法"的审判技艺,深入合理性层面制约监督行政权.在民初行政审判实践中,"法外求情"是当事人的惯常做法,"酌情准法"则是平政院的基本立场.平政院在坚持合法性审查的前提下,通过引入"情理"作为裁决准据和在建议中落实"情理"等方式,进行实质的合理性审查,...     

“放管服”改革的行政法意义及其完善

与先前行政审批制度改革相比,党的十八大以来大力推进的"放管服"改革更加强调权力调整的动态性、整体性、系统性,其对于优化政府职责、转变监管方式、深入推进国家治理体系和能力现代化具有明显的积极意义。但此轮"放管服"改革依然沿袭了行政审批制度改革的运动化、政策化思路,并不完全符合法治政府建设的基本要求。从职权法定、监管工具的动态调整、优化公共服务的基本法则三个方面,"放管服"改革的行政法意义和合法性风险可以得到更加清晰的呈现。要提升"放管服"改革的法治品性,需要以《行政许可法》的有效实施为核心,通过设立专门的社会化的"放管服"改革委员会、激活行政许可评价制度、引入更广泛的专家和社会参与、完善试验改革的授权制度、优化规制工具分析评价制度几个方面来实现。     

经济法学科学化的法教义学路径

科学化是经济法学科发展的关键。法教义学呈现了法律科学的逻辑性、体系性和可验证性的基本要素,为经济法学的科学化提供了体系化的可能路径。根据法教义学"价值-规范-事实"的研究框架,在价值层面,经济法的社会功能是一种社会对国家经济治理权的想象和期待,旨在以正当、合理的经济介入方式维持和恢复经济系统的良序运行,经济介入的积极形式是培育市场功能条件,消极形式是对经济系统自主运行失序状态的纠正。在规范层面,经济法律规范体系可分解为四组经济法教义学的"理想类型",从而构建起由社会功能、公正优先和法律义务三个要素组成的法律命题体系。在事实层面,经济法应实现立法的体系化与司法的操作化,达成法教义与法治实践的良性互动。     

行刑诉讼交叉案件的裁处机制——以行政权与刑罚权的双重法律关系为视角

中国法体系语境下的行刑诉讼交叉案件的产生,既源自违法与犯罪二元化处理机制中临界点的模糊性,又来自行政机关与刑事诉讼机关职权的交叉重叠,而最根本原因乃在于实体法中行政权与刑罚权的双重法律关系,即行政处罚权与刑罚权在惩罚严厉程度上的递进关系以及刑罚权对行政管理权(狭义)的保障关系。据此,行刑诉讼交叉案件可分为两类:一是以行政处罚行为为诉讼标的的行刑诉讼交叉案件;二是以行政管理行为(狭义)为诉讼标的的行刑诉讼交叉案件。前者的处理应秉持“刑事先行,先刑后行”的规则,后者的处断则应坚持“行政先行,刑事后理”的规则。     

论紧急状态下限权原则的建构思路与价值基础——以我国《突发事件应对法》为分析对象

在我国《突发事件应对法》中,究竟有没有必要设置一些限制权利的基本原则?如果有必要,应当如何建构它们?在这个过程中,人们又会遇到哪些困难?基于法律体系的内部融贯性,这部法律必须认真对待普通民众的基本权利,并且需要设置一种动态的限权原则。这些原则不仅可以有针对性地应对突发事件的自身特质,彰显我国宪法对待权利的基本态度,而且能够满足现代法治对权利与权力之间相互平衡的期许。     

适用正当防卫应明确的几个问题

新《刑法》第二十条重新界定了正当防卫的概念,放宽了防卫限度,增设了无限防卫权,与1979年的《刑法》相比,进一步完善了正当防卫制度。这样不仅有利于调动和保护公众同违法犯罪行为作斗争的积极性和自觉性,而且有利于司法机关正确认定正当防卫。但在具体适用正当防卫时还应注意以下几点:正确认定防卫意图,准确判断防卫限度,严格把握无限防卫权。     

行政程序中的管辖制度刍议

作为行政程序法之重要内容,行政程序的管辖制度的确立对于推进我国行政程序法典的制定具有重要意义。就合理性而言,应当将行政管辖制度单列成章,并系统地规定违反管辖制度的责任。     

The Avalanche Perspective: women jurists in Korea 1952–2008

The author proposes and employs the Avalanche Perspective in analysing the entry of women into the Korean judiciary from the first pioneers in 1952 to the present. Starting from a general atmospheric warming trend towards women in postwar Korea, there developed instability in the status quo, then a breakthrough that led to a cascade of women participating in the legal profession. Although cultural resistance and political obstacles remained to be overcome, this quantitative expansion ultimately led to a greater acceptance of women’s participation in the judicial arena. Significant judicial changes that furthered the causes of women in contemporary Korea were coincident with women being members of the judiciary. The quantitative changes of the past fifty-six years opened the possibility of qualitative progress for women in the Korean judiciary. The Avalanche Perspective as applied to the judiciary in Korea, provides an understanding of the forces at work that have had a profound effect upon the place of women in the new cultural and political reality of the Korean people.

Obtaining redress for abuse of office in Russia: The Soviet legacy and the long road to administrative justice

This article examines the options for redressing abuse of office available to citizens in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. I consider the courts, the procuracy, and the complaint mechanism as sites for citizens to lodge claims against abuse of office in late-Soviet and post-Soviet times. After the collapse of the Soviet system there was an attempt to overcome the Soviet legacy, to strengthen legal institutions and establish administrative justice. Analysis of Soviet and post-Soviet normative documents and statistical data allows us to argue that opportunities for Russian citizens to combat service crimes in the courts have improved substantially. However, the system for coping with abuse of office remains imperfect, and retains features of the Soviet legacy despite vague legislation about administrative justice and dual ways of coping with abuse through legal and quasi-legal mechanisms. The re-establishment of the complaint mechanism in the conditions of contemporary Russia exacerbates this imperfection. Overall, the complaint mechanism occupies a significant place in people's options for making claims against officials, especially claims against high-ranking officials.