论裁量基准的制约因素及建构路径

实证的考量表明,裁量基准的制定抽象化程度越高,则越背离其本身的目标价值。跨地域幅度的大小、违法情节要件的多寡、基准"格线"设置的优劣、例外条款的有无,决定了裁量基准在个案衡量与一般规范之间达至平衡的程度。应借鉴管制行政领域普遍采用的自我规制技术,建构"自下而上"的裁量基准运行机制,从而为经受基层执法实践历练所形成的裁量基准制度提供正当化路径。     

论完善我国行政赔偿归责原则

我国行政赔偿归责原则是违法原则。违法原则存在三方面缺陷：限制行政赔偿范围;不能解决公有公共设施致害引起的行政赔偿问题;难以解决共同侵权、混合过错等情况下的责任分担问题。为了更好地维护行政相对人的合法权益,我国行政赔偿应主要采用客观过错原则,并把无过错责任原则作为辅助原则。     

eGovernment Applications and Public Personnel Acceptance: An Empirical Analysis of the Public Servant Perspective

Given the importance of eGovernment applications as an integral part of modern public service provision, this contribution concentrates on the issue of continued technology acceptance of public servants. The goal of this article is to connect individual, technological, and organizational aspects in an explanatory model. Using Theory of Reasoned Action and the Technology Acceptance model, an extended model of continued end-user behavior is analyzed. The results show the importance of Ease of Use, Usefulness, Openness to IT, and Subjective Norm for Acceptance and a Continued Q4 Usage Intention. However, a significant influence of Bureaucratic Culture cannot be shown.     

论生态环境治理体系现代化与环境行政互动式执法

环境行政执法是生态环境治理的核心内容,我国环境行政执法以威慑式执法为主,执法实践陷入执法者与违法者对立冲突之困境,需以生态环境治理体系现代化为契机,向新的执法方式转变和发展。随着环境立法的发展,我国环境治理模式经历了从政府管制到政府与社会二元合作模式,再到政府、企业、社会公众三元互动模式的转变,形成了新时期社会共治的现代化生态环境治理体系。现代化生态环境治理体系与社会共治理论相契合。现代化生态环境治理体系为构建环境行政互动式执法系统提供了互动前提与理论支撑。以此为基础,环境行政互动式执法的实现需要生态环境行政机关让渡权力空间,以吸纳企业协商和公众参与。     

美国行政性版权小额索赔制度革新及借鉴

由于版权作品数字化侵权使用的日益泛化,且现有版权司法救济途径多存在"周期长、举证难、成本高、收益低"的弊端,使得版权人,尤其是中小版权人,很难以较低的维权成本,真正实现其权利的司法保障。鉴于此,美国率先在行政性版权小额索赔制度的革新上作出突破性的示范,于司法体制外另辟蹊径,在版权局之行政性框架内,设置版权小额索赔委员会,专门处理小额版权纠纷。在知识产权保护方面,我国亦存在司法救济效率不高、数字版权侵权泛化的问题,因此,为迎合强化知识产权保护的时代政策,有必要总结美国行政性版权小额索赔制度革新经验,以为我国版权小额索赔问题的解决提供有益的制度借鉴。     

台湾公立大学治理结构改革的审视——基于《大学法》的视角

台湾从1994年以来本着保障学术自由和大学自治的管理理念,以《大学法》的修订为指导,重建公立大学治理结构,其成败经验,值得大陆构建现代大学制度时思考、研究和借鉴。     

台湾地方基层行政管理体制变迁及影响分析

传统西方分权理论中的“奥茨定理”认为,权力向基层政府下放,有助于改善公共服务。然而在台湾都市化进程中,2010年台湾部分县市合并升格为直辖市,以此同时,原有的乡镇政府改为从属于市（直辖市）的区,基层政府的权力出现向县市一级政府集中的现象。在对台湾基层政府体制沿革历史梳理基础上,作者通过实地调研,对这一基层行政体制调整的动因、特点、内容及影响进行了分析。本研究发现,台湾都市化进程中,基层政府权力向上集中有利于提升行政效率和公共服务规模效益的需求,得到广泛社会认同,但同时,也导致国民党对基层的控制有所减弱,对台湾的政治生态具有深远影响。     

论如何构建我国行政诉讼和解制度

《行政诉讼法》明文规定人民法院审理行政案件不适用调解,但实践中的高撤诉率却从另一种意义上规避了这一法律规定。要更好地解决这种矛盾冲突,就需要在法律上设计一种行政诉讼和解制度去弥补无依据的实践。从传统法律文化成因、传统理论的质疑、调解与和解的比较等角度进行分析,可以发现解决行政诉讼和解的必要性与可行性,从而构建出一套行之有效的行政诉讼和解制度。     

Vertical Alignment,Elite Power,and the Democratic Recess in the French Health Care System

The article critically examines administrative restructuring of the French health care system. Despite calculated benefits of New Public Management (NPM) reforms, conflicts between values escalated. NPM-endorsed decentralization never took off in France. Instead, a re-concentration of health policy decisions benefited a Ministry-level welfare elite that sought to restore fiscal discipline rather than responsiveness to users. That process triggered a clash of culture with the medical profession and was at the expense of democratic participation. The role of citizens as reform overseers, although initially contained in the NPM doctrinal puzzle, never materialized. Key issues such as greater accountability and responsibility remain unresolved.     

Taking stock: A Meta-Analysis of the Predictors of Restrictive Housing

Two competing views on the use of restrictive housing have emerged in the literature. The first position has argued that restrictive housing helps make correctional institutions safer and more secure environments, largely by incapacitating violent and dangerous inmates. In contrast, a second perspective has maintained that restrictive housing not only causes serious psychological damage and increases criminal coping, but also that it has served as a mechanism for officials to punish certain groups of inmates unfairly. This study tests these competing hypotheses by meta-analyzing the literature on the predictors of placement in restrictive housing. The results of this investigation provide support for both perspectives. The implications of the study’s findings are discussed.