“放管服”改革的行政法意义及其完善

与先前行政审批制度改革相比,党的十八大以来大力推进的"放管服"改革更加强调权力调整的动态性、整体性、系统性,其对于优化政府职责、转变监管方式、深入推进国家治理体系和能力现代化具有明显的积极意义。但此轮"放管服"改革依然沿袭了行政审批制度改革的运动化、政策化思路,并不完全符合法治政府建设的基本要求。从职权法定、监管工具的动态调整、优化公共服务的基本法则三个方面,"放管服"改革的行政法意义和合法性风险可以得到更加清晰的呈现。要提升"放管服"改革的法治品性,需要以《行政许可法》的有效实施为核心,通过设立专门的社会化的"放管服"改革委员会、激活行政许可评价制度、引入更广泛的专家和社会参与、完善试验改革的授权制度、优化规制工具分析评价制度几个方面来实现。     

认罪认罚从宽制度下律师的地位与作用——以三个诉讼阶段为研究视角

认罪认罚从宽制度实施以来,在提高诉讼效率方面效果显著,但同时也伴随着架空程序正义的风险,律师实质性参与是认罪认罚从宽程序之正当性基础。加之认罪认罚从宽制度推动着协商性司法的进程,中国特色的控辩协商机制来日可期,律师的有效参与更应成为完善制度构建的应有之义。然而司法实践的现状与制度设计的初衷相去甚远,律师分别在侦查、审查起诉、审判各诉讼阶段发挥不同作用的同时也面临不同的参与困境。结合域外经验加以审视,认罪认罚从宽制度框架下的律师参与存在辩护理念和立法规制的双重缺失。具体而言,应推动有效辩护的理念建构和精细值班律师的制度建构,探寻律师实质性参与认罪认罚从宽程序的合理路径,从而有效保障被追诉人的诉讼权利,助力认罪认罚从宽制度的健康推进。     

女性就业歧视公益诉讼制度法律机理研究

现行法律对女性就业歧视司法救济的规定不足,难以解决女性劳动者力量弱小、举证难、现有诉讼制度不足等问题。为进一步保障我国女性平等就业,需要构建女性就业歧视公益诉讼制度,从正当性、必要性、可行性分析其的法理基础。并对该制度的构建进行初步探究:原告资格以工会、妇女联合会等社会组织为主,新增专门的平等就业管理机构;举证责任在当事人之间合理分配;抗辩事由应包括劳动保护措施、真实职业资格、小微企业豁免制度等;法律责任形式从民事责任和行政责任两方面进行规范。     

行政公益诉讼原告资格的设定

在行政公益诉讼中,由于受损的是公共利益,因而在诉讼中由谁来提起诉讼则显得尤为重要。对于建立我国行政公益诉讼制度而言,考虑到我国行政诉讼法的价值取向和司法实践,结合域外行政公益诉讼的发展趋势,应赋予我国公民个人、社会组织和检察机关具有行政公益诉讼原告资格。     

Obtaining redress for abuse of office in Russia: The Soviet legacy and the long road to administrative justice

This article examines the options for redressing abuse of office available to citizens in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. I consider the courts, the procuracy, and the complaint mechanism as sites for citizens to lodge claims against abuse of office in late-Soviet and post-Soviet times. After the collapse of the Soviet system there was an attempt to overcome the Soviet legacy, to strengthen legal institutions and establish administrative justice. Analysis of Soviet and post-Soviet normative documents and statistical data allows us to argue that opportunities for Russian citizens to combat service crimes in the courts have improved substantially. However, the system for coping with abuse of office remains imperfect, and retains features of the Soviet legacy despite vague legislation about administrative justice and dual ways of coping with abuse through legal and quasi-legal mechanisms. The re-establishment of the complaint mechanism in the conditions of contemporary Russia exacerbates this imperfection. Overall, the complaint mechanism occupies a significant place in people's options for making claims against officials, especially claims against high-ranking officials.     

Administrative Styles in the OECD: Bureaucratic Policy-Making beyond Formal Rules

As we know from comparative public policy, bureaucracies contribute to a considerable degree to the contents and the ways of policy-making. One important driver of administrative policy-making are their specific “styles” or “cultures”. “Administrative styles” are understood here as the standard operating procedures and routines that characterize the behavior and activities of administrative bodies in initiating, drafting and implementing policy. In this article, we convey the concept of Administrative Styles to the level of International Organizations (IOs) and apply it to the Organization for Economic Development and Co-Operation (OECD). The article proceeds in three steps: First, the concept of administrative styles is introduced and refined. Drawing on expert interviews with OECD staff, we secondly show that consideration of OECD administrative styles significantly advances the literature’s understanding of the organization. Finally, we give an outlook on new research avenues and the relevance of our findings for the study of International Public Administrations (IPAs) more generally.     

公共行政服务的道德约束

在市场经济中,社会公共服务的职能重要性日益突出,通过道德约束来提高服务效率,是一条重要途径。我国社会道德正处在惯例层次的第二阶段,该阶段的道德约束具有公认的多样性、对象的层次性、约束重点的集中性和实施上的高难度性等特点。对此,制度性道德约束将有利于公共服务效率的提高,制度性道德约束内涵比较丰富,在实施当中,要使潜规则显性化,以他律为主,采取多种激励手段,需要建立道德约束的保护机制。     

论建立和完善我国有关船舶油污损害赔偿责任限制程序的必要性

《海事诉讼特别程序法》第 9章仅对于海事赔偿责任限制基金设立程序做出规定 ,并没有明确规定油污损害赔偿责任限制程序问题 ,基于此 ,本文通过比较油污损害赔偿责任限制与海事赔偿责任限制的异同 ,初步提出建立和完善我国油污损害赔偿责任限制程序的立法建议。     

我国公益诉讼主体之界定——兼论公益诉讼当事人适格之扩张

此次民事诉讼法修改对公益诉讼制度的规定,是对传统的当事人适格理论和制度的重大突破。新民事诉讼法确认非实体利害关系人具有作为公共利益提起民事诉讼的主体资格,但并未明确规定哪些机关和组织可以作为公益诉讼的主体,这有可能增大公益诉讼实际运作的难度。因此,明确公益诉讼启动主体就成为构建并运行该制度亟待解决的问题。诉讼信托的确立是公益诉讼当事人适格之扩张的适当出路之一。     

场景教学法在公安皖敕行政法教学中的运用

公安教育从根本上说是一种职业教育，强调警察职业核心能力的培养，对实践性教学提出更高的要求。“行政法”课程是关乎警察行政执法的必修课，采用场景教学法授课，让学生扮演角色亲历行政执法场景，有助于提升学生对行政法律规范的理解和运用能力，培养出优良的公安执法后备力量。因此，研究“行政法”课程中场景教学法的具体运用，探寻场景教学法有效实施的保障措施，应当成为当前公安院校教学改革的重要组成部分。