TRIPS协定下公共健康药品专利强制许可保障措施研究

药品专利强制许可制度产生于知识产权制度下的利益平衡原则,该制度的设立是为了解决公共健康问题而对专利权进行的一种最大的限制.为了使药品专利强制许可制度达到利益平衡的最佳效果,TEIPS协定下相关法律文件规定了种种保障措施以防止滥用和引发贸易转移等问题,这对正确适用该制度以平衡公共健康和专利权人的利益从而实现公共福祉的最大化有着积极的意义.     

对我国农业投入中绿箱政策使用之探析

农业问题是我国目前经济乃至各项工作中的重中之重.近年来我国对农业的投入量严重不足 ,影响了农业的发展 ,同时从投入的特点上看 ,结构也不尽合理。增加财政对农业的投入是提高我国农业竞争力的重要措施 ,而增加对农业的投入必须符合WTO规则 ,因此在WTO框架下用好绿箱政策 ,增加国家对农业的投入 ,调整农业支持的政策结构 ,是今后我国农业投入政策的重要研究课题     

TRIPS协定之下的中国药品专利保护立法

我国现行的药品专利保护制度规定过于严格,没有充分利用TRIPS协定的弹性条款。经过《多哈宣言》和《关于实施TRIPS协定与公共健康多哈宣言第六段的决议》以及争端解决机制的解释和检验,TRIPS协定原本模糊的保障措施在可操作性上获得了提高。我国的相关立法应当适时进行相应地调整,以充分利用TRIPS协定保障措施所给予的空间,实现对我国专利药品的全面保护,提高药品的可及性,促进民族制药行业的发展。     

中国FTA战略对双边贸易依存度的影响研究

随着经济全球化不断地深入发展,区域经济一体化也正在加速发展,双边FTA不断在国家之间签署,以自由贸易区为主要形式的区域贸易安排不断出现。该文选取2002年-2017年中国和FTA协议国双边的贸易数据,运用PSM-DID模型分析中国签订FTA对双边贸易依存度的影响如何。研究结果发现:第一,签订FTA对中国和协议国双方的贸易依存度具有提升作用;第二,中国与不同发展程度、不同区域类型的国家签订FTA对双边贸易依存度的影响不同,与发达国家签订FTA对双边贸易依存度的提升作用比发展中国家作用明显,与周边国家签订FTA对双边贸易依存度的影响也更大。     

倾销进口产品对国内产业损害的确定——WTO《反倾销协定》第3.4条研究

WTO《反倾销协定》第3.4条是判断倾销进口产品是否对国内产业造成损害的重要条款,该条款的规定不太明晰,诸多地方需要澄清,其具体含义在很多WTO案件中都引起了较大的争议。中国已经加入WTO,相关规定已相对完善,调查机关一定要注意与WTO的相关裁决保持一致。     

论城市社区建设中的社区自治与委托代理

城市社区建设的关键在于实现社区自治。目前社区自治的困难不是自治基础薄弱,而是自治可能导致基层的不稳定。如果具体的建设和运行由社区自己完成,而政府并没有对基层在根本上失去控制,这其实就形成了政府与社区在职能转变意义上的“委托——代理”关系。在可能的几种委托代理模式中,政府和社区组织相互协作是最佳模式。     

学习运用WTO《农业协议》促进中国农业发展

加入WTO ,对于中国的农业来说 ,特别需要学好并运用好WTO《农业协议》 ,充分利用入世机遇 ,促进中国农业健康发展。文章从《农业协议》中关于扩大农产品市场准入、农业国内支持、卫生与植物卫生等规定出发 ,对中国如何运用好这些规定来保护和发展我国农业进行了分析     

金融危机以来的欧盟银行法变革:立法修正与经验借鉴

金融危机再一次暴露了欧盟银行业法制的软肋。后危机时代,欧盟分别对金融监管体系、存款保险计划和资本需求三个方面立法进行了全面修正。修正以恢复金融系统稳定作为首要目标,以巴塞尔新资本协议为蓝本,将目标监管这一国际先进监管理念和宏观审慎监管措施纳入欧盟法,增强了欧盟银行业抵御系统性风险的能力,推进了欧盟银行监管一体化进程。危机后欧盟银行法的路径选择启示着中国加强系统性风险管理和宏观审慎立法的紧迫性。存款保险制度应尽快建立,巴塞尔协议标准也需认真采纳,以增强中国金融监管立法的前瞻性。     

Cold War brotherhood contested: KATUSAs,slicky boys,American G.I.s,and the Status of Forces Agreement in post-armistice South Korea, 1954–1966

ABSTRACT

As the largest contingent of Americans in postwar South Korea, the G.I. best represented the United States’ Cold War objectives. Their deployment was an emblem of hard power containment, but the G.I. also embodied soft power integration, and through both, G.I.s helped to promote Pax Americana. This article focuses on the militarized masculinity of these ambassadors of America and their people-to-people diplomacy in South Korea between 1954 and 1966. These American G.I.s constructed their militarized masculinity vis-à-vis the Korean male Other, their “lesser” counterparts – the hapless houseboy, the inferior partner soldier, and the menacing slicky boy. At the same time, this liberal imperialism did not go uncontested. Violent imaginaries of the American G.I. from the borderlands were used by Koreans to demand a new bilateral framework – the Status of Forces Agreement in 1966 – to replace the outmoded wartime extraterritorial jurisdiction wielded by the American military after cessation of hostilities on the Korean peninsula in 1953. The militarized masculinity practiced in everyday encounters, thus, became the basis of a critique of American liberal imperialism in one of the United States closest Cold War “brother” nations.     

Does Level of Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse Predict the Content of Family Mediation Agreements?

This study investigated whether reported levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) and/or abuse (IPV/A) victimization are related to reaching agreement and to the content of mediation agreements of parties seeking to resolve family‐ and child‐related issues. Whether or not parties reached agreement was analyzed for 105 cases at a law school mediation clinic. Agreement content was coded for the 71 cases that reached agreement. Levels of IPV and IPV/A were determined separately for males and females, using a standardized measure. Regression models were utilized to examine reports of IPV or IPV/A as predictors. Results indicated that mediation may help families with a reported history of IPV and IPV/A address a variety of concerns; levels of partner violence/abuse predicted numerous issues in mediation agreements, including arrangements regarding legal custody, parenting time, holidays, child exchanges, interparental communication, safety restrictions, counseling referrals, child support, financial arrangements, and other miscellaneous topics (e.g., relocation). However, some findings were consistent with concerns raised about the use of mediation with parties reporting IPV and IPV/A; for example, increasing levels of male‐perpetrated IPV/A predicted increased likelihood of making an agreement to share legal custody. Further research is needed to resolve the longstanding debate of whether divorce mediation is an effective and safe process for parties demonstrating IPV/A.

Key Points for the Family Court Community
• This study adds to the debate of whether divorce mediation is an effective and safe process for parties demonstrating IPV/A.
• It examines whether reported levels of IPV and IPV/A victimization are related to reaching agreement and to the content of mediation agreements of parties seeking to resolve family‐ and child‐related issues.
• Results provide some evidence that mediation may help families with a reported history of IPV and IPV/A address a variety of concerns.
• However, some findings are consistent with concerns raised about the use of mediation with parties reporting IPV and IPV/A.
• Findings have implications for the practice of family mediation with parties reporting a history of IPV or IPV/A.