民主视阈下的行政问责制反思

运用实践验证的逻辑对行政问责制建设进行总结评估，并在此基础上探索当代中国电子政务发展的趋势与走向，这对于推动中国行政问责制建设的健康发展，努力促进我国责任型政府和服务型政府构建有着重要意义。     

同辈团体成员集体问责：行政问责中的可行方式

同辈团体成员为其个体行为共同负责，能够有效解决行政监督中信息不对称问题，这种问责方式在理论和现实运行中都是可行的,它能进一步完善我国现行的监督体系。     

试论我国建立行政异体问责制的意义

2003年以来,我国从中央到地方都开始了行政问责的践行,并取得了可喜的进展。但是由于我国实行行政问责制时间不长,理论研究欠缺,导致我国行政问责制仍存在行政异体问责制缺位。行政异体问责的缺位导致问责不公、问责不实、问责中出现真空等弊端,因此亟需建立行政异体问责制度。     

Voluntary Narrative Disclosures by Local Governments: A Comparative Analysis of the Textual Complexity of Mayoral and Chairpersons' Letters in Annual Reports

Research on local government annual reports has been limited, particularly in relation to report narratives. This study aims to determine whether characteristics of narratives vary between the reports of local governments and listed companies. After considering the nature of the potential report audiences it was predicted that, if writers consider their audience, local government report narratives would be easier to read, less likely to be obfuscated, and use fewer passive sentences than those in corporate reports. The results suggest that mayoral letters exhibit higher reading ease and are less likely to be obfuscated than their corporate counterparts but they are also shorter and contain more passive constructions, making conclusions about readability and understandability ambiguous. This research acquaints readers with important aspects to consider when preparing or evaluating narrative reports.     

新公共管理对民主的挑战

效率与民主是各国行政改革的要求,也是改革中一个两难的选择。新公共管理试图通过引入市场机制,以顾客身份取代公民身份,同时提高公共部门的运作效率和对公众要求的回应性。克瑞廷森和兰格瑞通过分析新公共管理对不同政府模型中民主要素的影响,指出虽然新公共管理提高了政府的运作效率,但总体上却削弱了代议制民主中的一些要素,并使责任关系变得更加模糊和复杂。     

The Committee on Standards in Public Life: Twenty Years of the Nolan Principles 1995–2015

In his recent memoir, William Waldegrave wrote that no country run by John Major and Robin Butler was likely to be in much danger of systemic corruption. The fact remains that a quarter of a century ago, John Major, with the guidance and support of his cabinet secretary, decided to establish the Committee on Standards in Public Life under the chairmanship of Lord Nolan. The apparent prevalence of ‘sleaze’ issues in public life—most notably the ‘cash for questions’ scandals involving Tory MPs—provoked the decision. Lord Nolan's committee immediately enunciated seven principles of public life: honesty, accountability, integrity, selflessness, openness, opportunity and leadership. Over the years, many of the Committee's recommendations have been accepted. There is today vastly greater transparency. The principles have been widely accepted; it is clear the public expects that they should be observed by public servants, including, perhaps especially, MPs. Yet it is equally clear that there is a widespread and still deepening mood of public cynicism on standards matters. The Committee is determined to defend the Nolan principles, but without more help from the political class it will be like Mrs Nupkins in The Pickwick Papers: inculcating moral lessons of great importance and generally ignored.     

The Protection of Prisoners’ Rights in England and Wales

The system in England and Wales for the protection of prisoners’ rights relies on three institutions: a prisons inspectorate with right of entry to all prisons at any time, a prisons and probation ombudsman, and local independent monitoring boards. This contribution focuses on the Prisons Inspectorate and discusses its methodology and criteria for inspection, based on international human rights standards; the effectiveness of the inspectorate; its independence and relationships with other monitoring bodies, the government and the prison service; the application of the methodology to other countries outside the UK; and future developments and threats.     

我国实施行政问责制的困境及完善路径

具备高度的责任心和负责精神、完善的责任机制和可问责机制,无疑是一个有效率和有公信力的现代政府所必须的品格及活力的源泉。行政问责制是民主政治的一个组成部分,是实现责任政府的一个重要实现途径。本文在阐述行政问责制理论基石的基础上,分析了我国实施行政问责制的困境,提出了完善行政问责制的对策建议,希望以此能对我国行政问责制度的构建和完善有所帮助。     

行政问责的政治逻辑及启示

行政责任作为政府责任的主要组成部分，是政治责任的延伸，是民主政治下公民中心地位的必然要求。厘清行政问责的基本内涵，对我国行政问责制的健全、完善具有时代意义和重大启示。     

基于绩效的行政问责长效机制：国外经验及中国的路径选择

本文结合国内现状和国际经验，从文化和制度两个层面，探讨了如何建立行政问责的长效机制，使“问责风暴”走向“问责常态”。具体包括：倡导新型官场文化，强化行政主体责任意识；培育完善公民社会，增强公众问责意识；明确职责划分，严格权责对等；健全法律法规，实现“制度问责”；强化监督机制，加强监督力度；加强配套制度建设，完善问责机制等。