对我国问责制度若干问题的探究

如何建立和完善符合中国国情的问责制度,有诸多的问题需要进一步深入探究。在问责形式方面,应该包括政治问责和行政问责,即异体问责和同体问责两方面的内容。在问责主体方面,重点应确立人民代表大会和广大社会公众的问责主体地位,并以社会公众的知情权加以保障。在问责客体方面,要明确各级党政机关及其工作部门或工作机构领导班子的组成人员为问责的主要客体,并明确问责客体的问责形式和职责划分。在问责范围方面,应明确问责的主要指向应该是政治责任和道义责任,并增加问责范围的透明度。在问责方式方面,应重视公开道歉与引咎辞职的作用,同时避免以政治和道义责任来掩盖和推脱纪律和法律责任现象的发生。     

The United Kingdom National Security Strategy: the Need for New Bearings in Security Policy

The first ever UK National Security Strategy statement reflect shifts in perspective on the nature of security concerns and the character of risks and threats in an era of globalisation. However, the UK National Security Strategy itself is a major disappointment. It fails as an attempt to conceive of a genuine strategy. It also fails to engage explicitly and fully with key imperatives for UK security policy, such as Islamist terrorism and the emerging power of China. However, the UK National Security Strategy, despite being weak and disappointing, offers important new bearings on where the National Security Strategy and the government's means to security policy should go from here, identifying areas to strengthen and develop national security structures.     

The Dilemma of Developing Financial Accountability without Election – A Study of China's Recent Budget Reforms

Until recently, the discussion on political accountability focused on accountability in democratic systems with free and regular elections. Using China as a case study, this article contends that there exists a possibility of financial accountability without election. However, as election serves the important function of potentially changing the chain of accountability, the route of creating financial accountability without election has its limitations.     

问责性与跨域治理之条件检视与体制建构——PAM与IAD观点

地方政府间为达到资源优势的共享和资源劣势的互补，应形成一水平的合作治理关系，然却因本位主义、政党立场及缺乏信任而成效有限。笔者参考欧美公共事务相关课题领域之区域分析、项目分析、政策分析及1991至1998年于台湾高雄推动都市营销之经验等，及对应个体（个人）认知本质的判断与决策理论等，从多元社会观点切入对于个体认知及群体行为之观察，并涵盖载体存量之影响而成的PAM（Public Affairs Management）整合架构，此与Ostrom教授等发展之IAD（Institutional Analysis and Development）架构应可人体对应，本研究结合二者探讨台湾的问责性与跨域治理之条件检视与体制建构。     

强化非营利组织监管体制建设的意义及具体措施

非营利组织的有序运作离不开严格的监督管理。但是在当前非营利组织蓬勃发展的背后,却存在着严重的管理问题,制约着非营利组织的规范化运营。因此我们必须正确认识强化非营利组织管理的意义,健全其监督管理体制,确保非营利组织的健康持续发展。     

浅论政府与民生

民生与政府关系密切。政府的性质决定了它必须以保障和改善民生为己任,政府的职能规定着它必须履行保障和改善民生的职责。政府失灵会造成政府失职,致使因市场失灵而产生的民生问题进一步加剧甚至恶化。因此,必须从变革政府的观念、完善行政体制、加快政府职能转变、完善公共财政制度、依靠法治手段建设法制政府等方面入手,对政府实施改革,以解决民生问题,改善民生和保障民生。     

Legitimacy and the Rise of NGOs: the Global and Local in South Asia

We extend sociological institutionalist theory and draw on evidence from South Asia to develop a research agenda for studying how nongovernmental organization (NGO) legitimacy plays out in national and local arenas. After first presenting a sociological institutionalist approach to nongovernmental organizing, we extend it into three areas: national laws governing international and domestic NGOs, growth in domestic NGOs, and the situated interactions among international organizations, nation-states, local organizations, and other actors. (1) International and domestic NGOs are governed by national laws, and we sketch the history of such laws in South Asia to hypothesize a pattern of legal change leading to the present social concern about accountability. (2) Sociological institutionalism suggests that domestic NGO growth is related to the presence of international NGOs and can be interpreted as the diffusion of formal organization. (3) We conceptualize the situated interactions of the plethora of actors as a meso realm at the interface of the global and local. The interrelations of these actors are marked by tensions and conflict. There are many permutations of how they coalesce, not always along a global—local cleavage, and there is a need to examine the full range of interactions. We explore some of these and it seems that actors use accountability strategically in their conflicts with others. The ‘uses of accountability’ in contesting legitimacy within such situations is proposed as a fruitful research direction.     

问责制执行力的影响因素分析——来自香港的经验与启示

执行力是问责制的生命，执行力的高低决定了问责制的作用效果。问责制的执行力与问责制本身的科学性、配套制度的契合度、问责制的执行环境三大因素紧密相关。香港在高官问责制执行力建设方面积累了丰富的经验，问责对象明确，问责主体多元，能及时完善配套制度，形成了浓厚的“问责文化”。这些对提高内地问责制执行力都有重要的启示：必须进行系统的制度创新，实现权责对等，增强人大、司法、媒体的外部问责，建立科学的绩效考评制度，推进政府信息公开，提高官员的法治意识和社会的法治水平。     

WHAT SHAPES CITIZENS' EVALUATIONS OF THEIR PUBLIC OFFICIALS' ACCOUNTABILITY? EVIDENCE FROM LOCAL ETHIOPIA

In this article, we study which institutional factors shape citizens' views of the local accountability of their public officials. Our departing assumption is that evaluations of local accountability reflect not only citizens' poltical attitudes and beliefs but also whether local institutions contribute to an environment of mutual trust, accountability and ultimately democratic legitimacy. Combining public opinion data from a large‐N citizen survey (N = 10 651) with contextual information for 63 local governments in Ethiopia, we look at access to information, participatory planning and the publicness of basic services as potential predictors of citizens' evaluations of local public officials. Our findings suggest that local context matters. Jurisdictions that provide access to information on political decision making are perceived to have more accountable officials. Moreover, when local governments provide public fora that facilitate citizens' stakes in local planning processes, it positively affects citizens' evaluations of the accountability of their officials. Our study adds to the empirical literatrure by showing that establishing local institutions that can foster citizen–government relations at the local level through inclusive processes is crucial for improving public perceptions of accountability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Amnesty in immigration: forgetting,forgiving, freedom

Whether or not to grant ‘amnesty’ has been a contentious policy issue in a wide range of settings, from human rights violations to draft avoidance to library fines. Recently, the idea of amnesty has come to structure many debates over irregular immigration. While amnesty’s meaning is usually treated as self-evident, the term in fact signifies in a variety of normative directions. This article employs amnesty as an optic to examine accountability questions that structure normative debates over irregular immigration in liberal states. It distinguishes among conceptions of amnesty emphasizing forgiveness, erasure and vindication, and argues that developing a vindicatory account of amnesty is both particularly difficult and particularly necessary in the immigration setting.