美国三权分立制度与我国议行合一制度之比较

由于历史、文化和社会条件等的差异,不同的国家所实施的国家管理形式会不相同。美国实行三权分立政治制度,中国实行的是议行合一政治体制。抑恶功能是前者的价值理念,扬善功能是后者的价值理念。它们在实践中都有所长,有所短,需要相互借鉴,取长补短。     

Presidential mandates and ministerial institutions: Summitry of the Americas, the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)

The periodic Summits of the Americas are the highest form of regional multilateralism in the Western Hemisphere, but summits lack their own means to implement their mandates. Hence, Summit Plans of Action assign many initiatives to existing regional institutions, especially the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). But a notable difference exists in the character and degree to which these two institutions have responded to their unfunded mandates, in that the OAS has become “nested” under the hierarchy of summitry, while the IDB has eschewed subordination in favor of a “parallel” relationship pursuing largely convergent activities. Relying on extensive interviews and reviews of open source and internal documents, six variables are found to explain this differential response: ministerial authorities, competing mandates, institutional missions, internal structures, membership and leadership. Yet for both regional institutions there remains a wide gap between the directives emanating from the Summits and what the two regional institutions have been—and could be—accomplishing. The study concludes with recommendations to improve institutional design. JEL codes L31 · F42 · F02 · D73 · F1     

对大学校园文化建设的几点思考

大学校园文化作为一种客观存在,有其发展的自身规律。除了物质层面和制度层面的建设外,大学校园文化应该着重加强精神层面的建设,并在价值观念导向、校园精神培育、主体意识与集体意识培养、加强德育与校园文化组织管理等方面做好工作。     

基层公安机关刑事技术人员配置及运行机制初探

人是队伍管理中最活跃的因素,一切目标和制度是为了规范人的行为并充分调动其主观能动性。故而,刑事技术队伍建设的重心就是其人员配置以及运行机制。     

略论事实劳动关系

在我们现实生活中,存在着大量的劳动者实际上向用人单位提供了有偿劳动却欠缺书面合同的情形,对此种不规范劳动关系,原劳动部使用了“事实劳动关系”这个概念作为调整的依据,这一概念得到了学界和司法界的广泛认可。     

对我国法学教育改革创新的理性思考

我国当前的法学教育虽然获得较快的发展,但在教育理念、教学方式、同质化方面与社会经济发展的要求有较大差距。加入WTO后,这种差距将越来越明显,对我国法制建设和“依法治国”战略的实施带来滞后影响。面对机遇和挑战,必须对当前我国法学教育存在的弊端进行改革,重新对我国法学教育进行定位,并加强国际法学教育交流,借鉴世界先进法学教育理念与模式,加快我国法学教育的发展。     

论行刑个别化原则之确立

监狱的行刑运作必须遵循一定的活动原则.行刑个别化原则是特定行刑目的的派生物,是刑罚目的之于行刑的个别化要求,是一定时期刑罚制度及其理论在行刑观念上的折射.对分娩于国外监狱并为现代西方刑罚综合理论所极力主张的行刑个别化原则,我们应取其合理成份,弃其虚伪内容,坚持自己的发展方向.     

提高成人高等教育学士学位授予工作水平的思考

成人高等教育作为普通高校教育工作的重要组成部分,必须落实科学发展观,遵循成人教育规律,找准教育定位,提高人材培养和学士学位授予的质量。     

THE IMPACT OF RACIALLY INCLUSIVE SCHOOLING ON ADULT INCARCERATION RATES AMONG U.S. COHORTS OF AFRICAN AMERICANS AND WHITES SINCE 1930*

Despite the substantial body of research on the psychological and social effects of racial segregation in schools on African Americans, few studies have considered the possibility that more racially inclusive schools might reduce the risk of extremely negative adult life experiences such as incarceration. Yet such a connection is made plausible by research linking black racial isolation in schools to variables that are often associated with incarceration rates, including concentrated poverty, and low educational and occupational aspirations and attainment. In this paper, we apply methods first developed by labor economists to assess the impact of racial inclusiveness in schools on individual incarceration rates for 5‐year cohorts of African Americans and whites born since 1930. We find strong support for the conclusion that blacks educated in states where a higher proportion of their classmates were white experienced significantly lower incarceration rates as adults. Moreover, our analysis suggests that the effects of racial inclusiveness on black incarceration rates have grown stronger over time. These longitudinal effects are consistent with the argument that the educational climate of predominantly black schools has deteriorated in more recent decades.     

Lifetime Abuse, Mental Health, and African American Women

This study examined the relationship between lifetime abuse and mental health among 126 African American women and 365 White women from a primary health care setting who participated in a telephone interview as part of a larger study. Seven types of childhood and adult intimate partner abuse were measured. Consistent with hypotheses, (1) lifetime abuse was associated with elevated levels of anxiety and depression, and (2) women who experienced childhood abuse were more likely to report adult partner abuse. African American and White women showed more similarities than differences in the associations between most abuse experiences and depression and anxiety, as well as types of childhood abuse. African American abused women reported more excessive jealousy by partners. Nonabused African American women reported higher levels of depression and anxiety than their White counterparts. Results are interpreted and discussed taking into account relevant social and cultural factors.