Evaluation of Mastoid Process as Sex Indicator in Modern White Americans using Geometric Morphometrics

Conventional methods for evaluating the mastoid as a sex indicator cannot determine whether mastoid shape is an independent and reliable sex indicator. Here, shape differences between the mastoids of 100 male and 100 female modern white Americans were statistically analyzed and visualized using the geometric morphometric method. Discriminant analysis was performed on mastoid size and shape. The relation between size and shape was analyzed to examine the effect of size on shape. In the results, mastoid size and shape were statistically significant sex indicators, while size factor explained 87.3% of the total variance of the shape variables. Nevertheless, females had relatively broader and shorter mastoid shape than males regardless of size, reflecting 12.7% of the total variance of the shape variables. In conclusion, mastoid size and shape were statistically significant sex indicators, while size may matter more in the mastoid than in other cranial parts in terms of sexual dimorphism.     

开展实战模拟教学的思考

实战模拟教学,是指学生在实战模拟中完成相关教学任务,以提高自身分析及解决问题的综合能力的重要教学方式。在公安教育大改革背景下,此教学模式的实际问题亟待认真思考和解决,教学模块式的教管法亟待研究推广和拓展。     

论刑侦基础工作的几个基本问题

刑侦基础工作是指刑侦部门利用日常职能工作,围绕与刑事犯罪有关的人、事、物等情况和线索,为侦查破案和预防犯罪积累、准备、创造条件,奠定基础,提供支持的工作,它涵盖刑事犯罪情报信息、刑嫌调控、阵地控制等几个方面,具有建设性、备用性、系统性、秘密性等特点。其破案原理是通过搜集和利用犯罪行为实施前和实施后引起的物质变化达到侦查破案的目的,遵循的侦查模式主要有刑嫌调控的从人到案、阵地控制的从物到案和情报信息的从案到案等。     

Gender,Ethnicity, and Education as Privileges: Exploring the Generalizability of the Existential Guilt Reaction

Two cross-sectional questionnaire studies were conducted to replicate and extend previous research on the existential guilt reaction. In Study I, gender was considered as a privilege. Male student participants (N = 141) were confronted with the low proportion of women in high-ranking positions and asked to appraise this situation. Self-reported behavior, behavioral intentions, and appeal to authorities aimed at advancing equal opportunities for both genders served as criterion variables. Path analyses were performed to explore the correlation structure among the variables. Self-reported behavior depended most strongly on behavioral intentions and on belief in control. Behavioral intentions depended most strongly on existential guilt. This effect accords to previous existential guilt research. Ethnicity and education were considered as privileges in Study II. Privileged Paraguayan students (N = 80) were confronted with the disadvantageous living conditions of Indians and Campesinos. They were asked to appraise the situation. Behavioral intentions and appeal to authorities directed at improving the living conditions of Indians and Campesinos served as criteria. As in Study I, existential guilt was the strongest predictor of behavioral intentions. Study II revealed the role of values in the process of existential guilt and prosocial behavior. This is a new research finding. Indirect effects of the two values of universalism and benevolence on behavioral intentions were obtained. The effect of universalism was mediated by existential guilt and moral outrage, the effect of benevolence was mediated by injustice and existential guilt. Tradition had a negative indirect effect on behavioral intentions. This effect was mediated by justification of deprivation and probably means that adherence to tradition eases the justification of traditionally existing social inequalities in a society.     

American Indian Tribes: ``Not as Belonging to But as Existing Within'

This article is an extended analysis of the historyand anomalies in the doctrine of American Indiantribal sovereignty. I explain that America gainedindependence, but took Indian land and colonized thetribes just as it had been colonized under theBritish. It asserted sovereignty for itself, butsubordinated the once independent tribes with aparadoxical semi-sovereign status as `dependentdomestic nations', all of this justified by the racialand cultural otherness of Indians. Using a Lacanianperspective, I show that America was founded on a`wound' or inconsistency at the heart of itsideological and constitutional order. In order torectify the inconsistencies that the initial `wound'produces, the law and political order havecontinuously had to adopt fictions (legal and racial). American law and policy has never been able to settlethe ambiguous doctrine of Indian sovereignty. As aresult, the law circles round and round in trying todefine it, and asserting and denying it, all in anunsuccessful attempt to make the constitutional orderwhole. It cannot succeed, however, since the ultimatesolution is an American sovereignty which, like God,admits of no limitation.     

论监察法学的研究论域

《监察法》的出台既是对国家监察体制改革成果的立法确认,也是腐败治理法治化的政治共识和社会共识的集中表达。近年来,围绕国家监察体制改革和《监察法》立法与适用的理论研究方兴未艾,各种思想观点的荟萃和制度理论的创新开创了一个全新的研究论域。监察法学的研究论域具有独立性和集中性,这是由其特殊的理论基础和特定的研究对象所决定。当前,要加快创设和建构监察法学学科,推动监察法学研究方法的整合与更新,持续为推动党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争向纵深发展提供稳定的理论知识供给和制度选择方案。监察法学的研究要确立其学科论域的基本构成,包括监察法基本原则的体系建构论、法律关系的主体适用论、监察制度的过程控制论和监察程序的衔接保障论等。在确立研究论域的基础上,监察法学应当坚持以现实问题为研究导向来保持其实践性品格,并继续兼蓄其他学科的思想资源和分析框架,以期形成具有中国特色、中国话语和中国气派的监察法学研究格局。     

美国外交中的"扩张主义"根源

美国政治家制定外交政策和进行外交政策辩论时,总是受着意识形态的影响.二战之后,由于美国国力一直处于不断增长的过程之中,使美国意识形态的扩张主义特性更加鲜明.从历史、传统、文化等方面探究美国"扩张主义意识形态",是把握美国外交特征的重要视角.     

The dynamics of candidate evaluations and vote choice in 2008: looking to the past or future?

In this paper, we leverage a 10-wave election panel to examine the relative and dynamic effects of voter evaluations of Bush, Palin, Biden, McCain, and Obama in the 2008 presidential election. We show that the effects of these political figures on vote choice evolves through the campaign, with the predictive effects of President Bush declining after the nominees are known, and the effects of the candidates (and Palin), increasing towards Election Day. In evaluating the relative effects of these political figures on individual-level changes in vote choice during the fall campaign, we also find that evaluations of the candidates and Sarah Palin dwarf that of President Bush. Our results suggest a Bayesian model of voter decision making in which retrospective evaluations of the previous administration might provide a starting point for assessing the candidates, but prospective evaluations based on information learned during the campaign helps voters to update their candidate preference. Finally, we estimate the “Palin effect,” based on individual-level changes in favorability towards the vice-presidential nominee, and conclude that her campaign performance cost McCain just under 2% of the final vote share.     

金融危机形势下美国青年志愿精神高涨之动因探析

志愿服务工作的发展是美国社会发展的重要驱动力。在金融危机形势下,美国民众尤其是美国青年投身志愿服务事业的热情不减反涨,志愿者创造的社会价值达到美国历史的最高峰。究其原因包括:美国政府的鼓励、美国企业的支持、大量非营利性组织的存在都为美国青年参与志愿服务提供了重要平台;此外,美国各高校也为多元化的志愿服务指导体系提供了切实保障;而有益的职业生涯发展更是美国青年积极投身志愿事业的内在动力和强烈意愿。     

浅谈德育叙事的实践价值

德育叙事即通过德育主体的故事叙说来描绘德育行为,进行意义建构并使德育活动获得解释性的意义理解。其对德育者、德育对象、德育方法和德育评价方式都具有突践价值。