The transformation of hi no maru in postwar Okinawa: from symbol of hope to object of contempt

Starting in the early 1950s, the Japanese flag hi no maru was a cherished symbol in Okinawa of the movement for an end to the postwar U.S. military occupation and reversion to Japanese sovereignty. The flag represented an appeal for liberation from U.S. military rule that dragged on for twenty years (1945–1972) after mainland Japan regained its sovereignty in 1952; and, for elimination, or at least reduction, of the overwhelming size and number of American bases on the island. However, the 1969 Okinawa Reversion Agreement between the U.S. and Japanese governments broke both of the Japanese government’s promises that, after reversion, Okinawa would have no nuclear weapons, and that U.S. bases would be reduced to mainland levels. The grossly disproportionate U.S. military remains to this day, and a “secret agreement” permits the United States to bring back nuclear weapons. Today many in Okinawa associate hi no maru with this discriminatory policy which imposes 74 percent of the total U.S. military presence in Japan on this small island prefecture comprising 0.2 percent of the nation’s land area. For historians, the flag also represents atrocities committed by Imperial Japanese soldiers during the Pacific War and the Japanese government’s continuing reluctance to acknowledge them.     

Evaluation of Four Fingerprint Development Methods for Touch Chemistry Using Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization/Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry,

Four preparation techniques for MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry were compared to determine the ability to gather intelligence for investigations through the chemical analysis of latent fingerprints, defined as “touch chemistry.” Compatible fingerprint development processes used for identification along with new techniques are necessary to evaluate touch chemistry. Ten volunteers deposited fingerprints from solvent residues containing drugs and explosives onto microscope slides. The developers included (A) fingerprint powder, (B) MALDI matrix, (C) fingerprint powder and lifting, and (D) cyanoacrylate fuming with fingerprint powder. Qualitative identification was based on ion images and spectra. The highest average detection rates (88%) were found using methods A and B. Methods C (52%) or D (18%) had limited success. Results demonstrate the importance of imaging coupled to extracted mass spectral data in detecting analytes in deposited fingerprints. Overall, the results suggest continued development of touch chemistry applications could prove useful for gathering intelligence and forensically relevant information.     

邓小平科技思想的理论蕴涵探析

邓小平科学技术思想是涵盖科技观、人才观、动力观和功能观等内涵丰富、逻辑完整的理论体系。邓小平科技思想理论蕴含中"四观"科学阐释了"什么是科学技术,怎样对待和应用科学技术"的问题,深入研究和准确把握邓小平科技思想的理论蕴涵,既有重要的理论意义,又有突出的实践价值。     

UNBUNDLING THE ETHICAL ISSUES OF PRO BONO ADVOCACY: ARTICULATING THE GOALS OF LIMITED‐SCOPE PRO BONO ADVOCACY FOR LIMITED LEGAL SERVICES PROGRAMS

This article seeks to articulate the practical goal of unbundled legal services for the pro bono family law sector as it applies to limited legal services programs (also known as brief advice clinics), through the use of a goal spectrum, derived from the theoretical goal of access to justice. This article briefly discusses the status of the Indiana Rules of Professional Conduct, as they pertain to the ethics of unbundling. This article then focuses extensively on some practical considerations within the ethical issues of both the scope of representation and attorney competence in order to articulate an appropriate goal for unbundled legal services. Finally, the article concludes that service providers in limited legal services programs should explicitly identify and then perform an essential, discrete service that the client needs to have performed in order to help the client meet his or her ultimate objectives. The service provider and the client could then gauge the success of the limited scope representation based on whether and how well the specific service has been provided.     

韩中建交二十周年及今后韩国对华政策的方向

本文的目的在于对韩中关系进行评估。自从1992年正式建交以来,韩中关系实现了全方位的发展,两国关系总体来说前景是乐观的。然而,在某些方面,如果缺少系统的管理,两国关系将会遇到难关。韩中两国尽管建立了重视对方的"战略关系",却也同时表现出了看待对方的认知差距和对彼此作用期待的差距。如果搁置这些差距,就会存在形成某种构架的危险。构架一旦形成,要想解决它就必须花费大量的机会成本。由此,缩小彼此间的认知差距和期待差距将是未来韩中关系发展方面非常重要的一个课题。为此,本文提出了五个目标(共进、三赢、复合性思考、关于韩中关系的民间协商、加强反思对话)和三个方向(中庸的安保本体性、谨慎外交、平衡安保)。     

刺激性毒剂希埃斯(CS)的检验

用化学显色法、红外光谱法(IR),以及色-质联用技术(GC/MS)分析具有强烈刺激性气味的毒剂希埃斯(CS),在缺少已知对照样的情况下,用以上方法,可做出准确的鉴定.     

美国金融模式的不稳定性:基于次贷危机的反思

直接融资和间接融资的高度融合以及复杂化的金融创新,是当前美国金融模式的核心特征。对次贷危机的分析表明:美国金融模式在风险转移和克服信息不对称方面具有优势,因此高风险且信息严重不对称的金融交易容易在此达成;美国金融模式将风险以高度流动和复杂化的方式分布于关键金融市场——货币市场,这使得金融危机具有腐蚀性,并难以根治;美国金融模式对风险管理提出了巨大挑战,风险控制的改进效力不容高估。     

通过法律激励机制的社会控制——以悬赏执法为视角的分析

激励作为法律的功能之一，其能激发个体作为或不作为，使理性的秩序安排和社会控制得以实现。悬赏机制的设置是法律激励机制在执法实践中延伸，通过将外部性成本／收益内部化进一步调动和建构起社会资本采弥补政府部门在执法过程的信息不对称，丰富了执法的手段和实现了监控的合力．然而悬赏激励机制在理念和制度设计、实践运行方面尚需进一步完善，唯有此才能有效实现激励机制设计的合理性、科学化和激励机制的功能。     

嵌入式数字调音台可调增益混音的设计

基于嵌入式的数字音频设备以其高性价比，功耗低、集成度高、可扩充能力强，日新月异的发展速度等优点受到世界各国的广泛关注。论文提出一种基于ARM嵌入式处理器＋FPGA结构的嵌入式数字调音台的解决方案。并在ARM9（S2C2440）与FPGA（XC3S500E）为核心芯片的硬件平台上实现了八路增益可调混音。     

S100A9蛋白分子结构、功能及法医损伤学意义

S100A9是S100蛋白家族(包括S100A1~S100A13、S100B、S100C等蛋白)中的一员,主要分布于脾脏、肺脏和皮肤等器官,表达于嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞、角化细胞等的胞浆和细胞外液中,是一种与炎症、创伤、肿瘤关系密切的钙结合蛋白,在法医学上,可能有助于电击等损伤后时间的推断和无典型电流斑电击伤的诊断。本文就S100A9蛋白分子结构、作用机制、功能及其在法医损伤学上的意义等作一介绍。