Sickle Cell Trait as a Contributory Cause of Death in Natural Disease

Sickle cell trait (SCT) affects 300 million people globally, and awareness is growing that SCT is not an entirely benign condition; however, most reported cases have been non‐natural deaths. Autopsy records from the Baylor University Medical Center (BUMC) in Dallas, Texas, contained seven natural deaths from January 2007 to October 2013 in which micro‐occlusive sickling was identified at autopsy and SCT confirmed by postmortem hemoglobin fractionation. Sickle crisis was never diagnosed clinically. These cases illustrate the importance of red cell morphology in autopsy material. When sickling is suspected, hemoglobin fractionation should be performed. If confirmed, SCT should be listed as an autopsy finding and the severity and distribution of sickling documented. Extensive micro‐occlusive sickling should be considered contributory to death; however, its relative importance depends on all facts of the case. Accurate reporting should facilitate further research and the development of evidence‐based preventative and supportive strategies for these patients.     

福建汉、畲族D6S1043和D12S391基因座遗传多态性

D12S391和D6S1043基因座分别位于人类第12号和第6号染色体上，核心序列分别为（ATCT）。和（AGAT）x（AGAC）Y（AGAT）z。本文采用Sinofiler试剂盒对福建汉族和畲族上述2个基因座遗传多态性进行调查，为相关检测提供基础数据。     

美国贸易政策制定的宪政体制论

美国贸易政策制定权力由《美国宪法》明确界定,所以开启贸易自由化的＂1934年体制＂本质上是一个宪政体制。该体制的形成是基于后危机时代重构政治平衡与摆脱经济危机的现实需要,而其变迁是围绕国会＂授权-控权或监督＂的宪政路径展开的,并由贸易保护主义力量与自由贸易主义力量之间的宪政博弈推动的。这种宪政博弈实质上是在特定历史条件下的一种贸易立法博弈,而具体表现为推动贸易自由化的＂四位一体＂制度架构。对正在积极推进贸易自由化的中国而言,这种源于宪政博弈的贸易制度创新实践可资借鉴之处主要在于两个方面,即后危机时代贸易自由化立法范式的创新和自由贸易与不公平贸易二分法的立法体例的引入。     

中国参与国际制度的声誉考量——对陈寒溪之学术批评的回应

本文是对陈寒溪博士《中国如何在国际制度中谋求声誉——与王学东商榷》一文所做的回应。本文先进一步澄清国家的"声誉"与"威望"两个概念之间的根本性区别。之后,本文解释了中国在参与国际制度中的声誉考量:在结构性压力下,为了避免受到遏制,崛起中的国家具有建构良好声誉的动力,积极显示自身的意图,采取相应的行为来宽慰其他国家,从而消减被遏制的可能性。既然无政府状态决定了安全困境不可能彻底消除,那么中国之所以通过参与国际制度塑造自己的声誉,主要目的是竭力避免成为体系主导国家集团的遏制对象。最为关键的是,中国积极参与人权与安全制度的两个案例充分说明,中国既不采取制衡战略,又不是简单地追随或者跟风。本文认为,《商榷》一文的价值在于,促进了对国家声誉研究的精致化、层次化与多样化。     

Credit and social capital: The community development potential of U.S. microenterprise programs

Abstract

This article looks at the community‐building activities of microenterprise programs. These programs build community primarily by creating networks that build social capital. Microenterprise programs build two types of networks—networks within programs that typically involve borrowers and networks between programs and other institutions. The article examines (1) the ways in which microenterprise programs motivate the creation of both types of networks; (2) the extent to which these networks are embedded within program structures; and (3) the process by which network formation leads to the accumulation of social capital.

The networks of relationships that Women's Initiative and Working Capital have catalyzed, both within and between programs, build social capital in important ways. The trust building that intraprogram relationships accomplish and the alteration of norms that interprogram relationships accomplish motivate the creation of networks that build social capital. These changes are not sufficient to turn poor communities around, but they are important first steps.     

Investigators and Prosecutors or, Desperately Seeking Scotland: Re-formulation of the 'Philips Principle'

Prosecution in England and Wales, traditionally private, was captured by the 'new police', creating an 'English tradition' unlike those of the rest of the United Kingdom. To overcome consequent problems, the Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure recommended the 'Philips principle', whereby investigator and prosecutor were separate, but co-ordinate, on which basis the Crown Prosecution Service was set up. However, the principle was in fact compromised by the 'English tradition', most obviously by permitting continued police prosecution. Moreover, the Serious Fraud Office, set up shortly thereafter, contradicted the principle. Yet, HM Customs and Excise addressed its serious problems by applying the principle. The CPS itself encountered difficulties flowing from the compromises. Reports (Runciman, Narey, Glidewell) recommended various devices, straining the principle, until the Auld Report recognised that reformulation was necessary, along the lines adopted elsewhere in the United Kingdom, that is, by recognising that there should be investigator subordination to prosecutor.     

一种可信在线电子证据保全关键技术研究

日益增长的电子证据给取证工作带来了挑战,传统的现场电子证据保全方式已经无法满足当前需求。根据当前电子证据保全委托数量大的特点,本文提出在线电子证据保全方法,利用网络自动完成证据保全委托与鉴定报告查询。为确保证据来源可靠与电子鉴定报告可信,本文引入S/MIME签名技术确保证据托管者身份与鉴定报告的法律效力,并在此基础上实现"可信在线电子证据保全系统",该系统以在线接收电子证据的方式为外界提供证据保全服务,并通过符合17025标准的电子证据保全业务流程实现一条完整的证据链,最后由一份多人签名的鉴定报告确保证据保全的法律效力,方便电子证据的司法取证工作。     

论南海问题中的美国因素

在影响南海问题的外部力量中,美国是最重要的第三方。冷战时期,美国对南海问题主要采取不介入和不表态的中立政策。冷战结束以来,美国开始关注和介入南海问题,并逐步采取具有明显倾向的政治和军事干预政策。美国的介入和干预加大了南海问题的复杂性和中国解决南海问题的难度。     

人体气味的证据价值及检验技术进展

人体气味是具体人的一种生物信息,皮肤腺是人体气味产生之源。由遗传基因控制的人类白细胞抗原,经由免疫系统决定人体气味的特征。遗留于犯罪现场的人体气味具有相对稳定性,是与案件事实相关联的一种物证,具有一定的证据能力。警犬鉴别是辨识人体气味的主要技术手段。电子鼻、气相色谱质谱等化学分析仪器也可用于人体气味的检测分析。利用气相色谱质谱(GC/MS)对气味进行辨识具有嗅觉学的作用。警犬鉴别人体气味的结果与仪器分析的结果相互印证是检测分析人体气味证据技术的发展方向,也是人体气味证据走上法庭的关键技术。     

中国企业进入美国市场的产品责任风险防范

中国外贸企业要在充分了解美国的产品责任法和相关诉讼风险的基础上，有效地采取措施预防涉外的产品责任风险。在出现问题的时候，要积极应对，尽量合法合理地减轻或免除自己的产品责任风险。