The development and initial testing of the AIM2 framework to assess risk and strengths in young people who sexually offend

Abstract

This paper describes the AIM2 assessment framework and the process of its development and initial testing. AIM2 is used to assess areas of concerns and strengths of young people. Some preliminary analysis is described, including the correlation of assessment items, their ability to discriminate between cases, their inter-rater reliability and a small-scale recidivist study. These analyses were used to develop AIM2. Results from the recidivist study identified a particular set of concern and strength factors associated with recidivism in the sample. We conclude that the inclusion of strengths-related items are important to consider as protective factors when assessing the risk of further sexually abusive behaviours. Limitations and future directions of AIM2 are also discussed.     

“The most patient of animals,next to the ass:” Jan Smuts,Howard University,and African American Leadership, 1930

Former South African Prime Minister Jan Smuts’s 1930 European and North American tour included a series of interactions with diasporic African and African American activists and intelligentsia. Among Smuts’s many remarks stands a particular speech he delivered in New York City, when he called Africans “the most patient of all animals, next to the ass.” Naturally, this and other comments touched off a firestorm of controversy surrounding Smuts, his visit, and segregationist South Africa’s laws. Utilizing news coverage, correspondence, and recollections of the trip, this article uses his visit as a lens into both African American relations with Africa and white American foundation work toward the continent and, especially, South Africa. It argues that the 1930 visit represents an early example of black internationalism and solidarity, reflecting a shift from sociocultural connections between Africa and the diaspora to creating political movements on behalf of African people. To contextualize this visit, we assess events surrounding a meeting that the Phelps-Stokes Fund organized for Smuts at Howard University, using this as a lens into the two disparate, yet interlocked, communities.     

Onwards and Sidewards? The Curious Case of the Responsibility to Protect and Mass Violence in Africa

This article approaches Responsibility to Protect (R2P) from the ground up. Selecting African cases of mass atrocity in the age of R2P, it identifies key general features of contemporary violence. The article goes on to consider the nature and extent of R2P practice in each case. The argument is that R2P engagements in these conflicts display a mixture of weakness and irrelevance. The result of this is that R2P has failed significantly to reduce human suffering in any of the cases dealt with. The article notes that this clear failure does not seem to perturb the mainstream of academic R2P discourses, which, although critical at times, remain confident that R2P is making some difference and represents the best way forward. The article explores how this kind of discourse is propounded in the scholarly work on R2P. This leads us towards an argument that R2P as a discourse and international project can run in parallel with continuing mass suffering in African civil wars without being profoundly troubled.     

雌激素对大鼠小脑中Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响

采用免疫组织化学超敏SP法检测摘除卵巢及用外源性17β-雌二醇治疗后SD大鼠小脑中Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的变化。结果显示,摘除双侧卵巢后,SD大鼠小脑皮质及深层核团中Bcl-2的表达有不同程度的降低,而Bax的表达出现不同程度的上升;给予外源性17β-雌二醇治疗后,2种蛋白的比例基本恢复正常。表明,雌激素能够下调小脑皮层及小脑深层核团中Bax蛋白的表达,上调Bcl-2蛋白的表达,对小脑神经元具有保护作用。     

FOB条件下卖方优先获得提单权问题研究

针对FOB条件下卖方是否有权优先取得提单的实践难点,采取实证分析与理论分析相结合的研究方法,具体论述了卖方有权向承运人主张取得提单的适用条件、实务及理论依据,辩证阐述了《最高人民法院关于审理海上货运代理纠纷案件若干问题的规定》解决本问题的立法初衷、规范效果以及适用不足,提出卖方作为实际托运人在特定情形下有权优先取得提单,鉴于《最高人民法院关于审理海上货运代理纠纷案件若干问题的规定》适用的内在缺陷,应当通过修订《中华人民共和国海商法》条款加以解决.     

ALDH2基因多态性与乙醇代谢及外周乙醛积蓄程度的关系

目的了解不同乙醛脱氢酶2（acetaldehydedehydrogenase2,ALDH2）基因型人群饮酒后,其乙醇药代动力学和外周乙醛积蓄程度。方法收集无血缘关系的志愿者14名,采集静脉血液并且通过聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性技术提取DNA并检测ALDH2基因型,按一定剂量饮酒后,以顶空气相色谱法于不同时间点同时测定血中乙醇及乙醛的含量并计算药代动力学参数。结果根据电泳结果,野生组为5名野生纯合型ALDH2＊1／＊1个体．突变组为9名突变杂合型ALDH2＊1／＊2个体,血中乙醇和乙醛分别在0～1570．7μg/mL和0～5．1772μg／mL范围内线性关系良好。突变组乙醇及乙醛药时曲线下面积（AUC）以及乙醇的末端消除半衰期（tl／2Z）均大于野生组,乙醇的经生物利用度校正的表观消除率（CL／F）小于野生组（P〈0．05）。结论饮酒后,ALDH2＊I／＊2突变组受酶活性抑制影响,血中乙醇和乙醛代谢减慢,造成外周乙醛的蓄积,从而进一步强化其在体内的作用。     

The European Union's human security discourse: where are we now?

The language of human security has been prominent in the European Union's (EU) official discourse for a number of years. However, whilst it has been promoted as a new approach for the EU in the development of its security and defence policy, the aim of this article is to assess the extent to which it actually features in the EU's contemporary strategic discourse and practice. It seeks to uncover where and how the concept is spoken within the EU's institutional milieu, how it is understood by the relevant policy-makers in the EU and the implication of this across key areas of human security practice. It is argued in the article that human security has not been embedded as the driving strategic concept for Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) in an era of crisis and change in Europe and beyond and that the prospects for this materialising in the near future are rather thin.     

牛霉形体免疫相关性蛋白P51的筛选与鉴定

为了筛选免疫原性蛋白,建立牛霉形体的快速诊断方法,利用二维凝胶(2-D)电泳、Western-blot分析及蛋白质谱分析,筛选出一个免疫相关性蛋白P51。以牛霉形体中国分离株Hubei-1为模板,扩增了p51基因,并克隆到原核表达载体pET32a上。结果显示,重组蛋白pET32a-p51与牛霉形体阳性血清的Dot-blotting试验结果为阳性,而Western-blotting试验结果为阴性。以pET32a-p51重组蛋白为包被抗原的ELISA试验表明其能与自然感染和人工感染牛霉形体的阳性血清发生特异性反应,而与灭活疫苗免疫的阳性血清不发生特异性反应,与牛传染性胸膜肺炎的阳性血清没有交叉反应。表明P51可能是牛霉形体特有的一种构象依赖性免疫相关蛋白,是一种有前景的诊断用抗原。     

猪瘟病毒浙江分离株体外生长特性及其囊膜糖蛋白E2分子的变异分析

为了研究分离于浙江省衢州和杭州的2株猪瘟病毒基因2型流行毒株QZ-07、HZ1-08在猪肾细胞(PK-15)和猪睾丸细胞(ST)中的生长特性及其囊膜糖蛋白E2的分子进化特征,采用间接免疫荧光、效价测定和进化分析等分子生物学方法将基因2型流行毒株与基因1型石门株进行了比较。结果表明,石门株在PK-15细胞中的增殖效率明显高于ST细胞;感染PK-15细胞后第48小时,细胞内的效价可达107TCID50/mL,而在ST细胞中的效价只有105.25 TCID50/mL。基因2型毒株在PK-15细胞中的增殖水平明显低于ST细胞,尤其以HZ1-08株更为明显;感染ST细胞后第48小时,细胞内的效价为105 TCID50/mL,而PK-15细胞中的效价只有102.75 TCID50/mL。两基因型毒株E2的核苷酸同源性低于90%,氨基酸同源性约为90%。表明,基因2型毒株的体外生长特性及其E2的分子特性均与基因1型毒株存在差异。     

产志贺毒素Ⅱ型变异体大肠杆菌LAMP检测方法的建立

为建立产志贺毒素Ⅱ型变异体(Stx2e)大肠杆菌的环介导恒温扩增(LAMP)检测方法,参照Gen-Bank中12条Stx2e序列和9条Stx2序列,针对Stx2e基因保守区域设计并合成4条引物,分别进行了反应条件优化、特异性试验、敏感性试验及模拟样品检测。结果显示,用所建立的LAMP方法对阳性样品扩增所得产物电泳后呈特征性梯状条带,阴性样品的扩增产物电泳后均无扩增条带。建立的LAMP方法对Stx2e+大肠杆菌的最低检出量为38CFU/管,敏感性高于PCR方法(3.8×103CFU/管)。LAMP和PCR对模拟样品检测结果的符合率为100%。该研究为仔猪水肿病的诊断和Stx2e+大肠杆菌的快速检测提供了新的方法。