DNA数据库比对技术在刑事侦查中运用的合宪性问题

DNA数据库比对技术实质上是基因检测技术和大数据处理技术相结合的产物。DNA数据库比对技术可以精确锁定犯罪嫌疑人,由于其强大的证明能力而被广泛地运用于刑事侦查,各国都积极推动DNA数据库的建立。DNA数据库比对技术在维护了社会安全的同时也对公民基因隐私构成极大威胁。如何在技术的运用和隐私权保障之间做出更好的平衡,是DNA比对技术的合宪性争议的中心。廓清了合宪性问题,我们才可以更好地制定相关法律,消弭合宪性问题,在保障公民隐私权的同时也更好地维护社会安全。     

Extended reality (XR) virtual practical and educational eGaming to provide effective immersive environments for learning and teaching in forensic science

Online virtual learning resources have been available for learning and teaching in forensic science for some years now, but the recent global COVID-19 related periods of irregular lockdown have necessitated the rapid development of these for teaching, learning and CPD activities. However, these resources do need to be carefully constructed and grounded in pedagogic theory to be effective. This article details eXtended Reality (XR) learning and teaching environments to facilitate effective online teaching and learning for forensic geoscientists. The first two case studies discussed in this article make use of Thinglink software to produce virtual learning and teaching XR resources through an internet system, which was delivered to undergraduate students in 2021. Case one details a range of XR virtual laboratory-based equipment resources, providing a consistent, reliable and asynchronous learning and teaching experience, whilst the second case study presents an XR virtual learning applied geophysics resource developed for a 12-week CPD training programme. This programme involves recorded equipment video resources, accompanying datasets and worksheets for users to work through. Both case studies were positively received by learners, but there were issues encountered by learners with poor internet connections or computer skills, or who do not engage well with online learning. A third case study showcases an XR educational forensic geoscience eGame that was developed to take the user through a cold case search investigation, from desktop study through to field reconnaissance and multi-staged site investigations. Pedagogic research was undertaken with user questionnaires and interviews, providing evidence that the eGame was an effective learning and teaching tool. eGame users highly rated the eGame and reported that they raised awareness and understanding of the use of geophysics equipment and best practice of forensic geoscience search phased investigations. These types of XR virtual learning digital resources, whilst costly to produce in terms of development time and staff resource, provide a complementary virtual learning experience to in-situ practical sessions, and allow learners to asynchronously familiarise themselves with equipment, environments and techniques resulting in more efficient use of in situ time. The XR resources also allow learners to reinforce learning post in-situ sessions. Finally, XR resources can provide a more inclusive and authentic experience for learners who cannot attend or complete work synchronously.     

命案现场中血迹的鲁米诺和二氢荧光素搜寻方法探析

鲁米诺和二氢荧光素等物质与血迹中的物质反应产生荧光,可以显现潜在血迹。将鲁米诺法和二氢萤光素法应用于命案现场勘查或搜查,可以有效地搜寻血迹。     

侵入身体检查研究

人的身体及其有机组成部分是一个重要的证据隐匿处和犯罪证据源,为了获得对于定罪具有重要意义的体内证据,侵入身体采证便具有了必要性。然而,侵入身体采证会对相对人的个人安全、健康以及个人隐私、个人的身体完整性造成相当程度的侵犯。侵入身体采证的必要性以及其本身所具有的侵犯性,决定了侵入身体采证的启动以及实施要受到一系列的限制。     

A database right in search results? – An intellectual property right reconsidered in respect of computer generated databases

With much information available from open sources on the internet, computer generated databases have become commonplace. The question whether computer generated databases can be protected under the sui generis database right has hitherto received little attention. This article investigates this question and finds that the substantiality of investment, the definition of the rights holder and the interpretation of exclusive rights raise fundamental issues.     

东南亚地区海上人道搜救联合行动机制建设展望——以马航失联航班搜救为例

非传统安全领域的海上搜救合作不但能显著提高搜救绩效,更能有效增进相关国家的互信,维护地区的和平。现实的选择是利用已有的10+N框架,通过召开部门联席工作会议,设立搜救信息共享中心,开展常态化、实质性的搜救演练,提供资金和技术支持等方式,共同推进东南亚海上搜救联合行动协调机制的建设。     

Cadaver dogs--a study on detection of contaminated carpet squares

Introduction

Cadaver dogs are known as valuable forensic tools in crime scene investigations. Scientific research attempting to verify their value is largely lacking, specifically for scents associated with the early postmortem interval. The aim of our investigation was the comparative evaluation of the reliability, accuracy, and specificity of three cadaver dogs belonging to the Hamburg State Police in the detection of scents during the early postmortem interval.

Material and methods

Carpet squares were used as an odor transporting media after they had been contaminated with the scent of two recently deceased bodies (PMI < 3 h). The contamination occurred for 2 min as well as 10 min without any direct contact between the carpet and the corpse. Comparative searches by the dogs were performed over a time period of 65 days (10 min contamination) and 35 days (2 min contamination).

Results

The results of this study indicate that the well-trained cadaver dog is an outstanding tool for crime scene investigation displaying excellent sensitivity (75–100), specificity (91–100), and having a positive predictive value (90–100), negative predictive value (90–100) as well as accuracy (92–100).     

中国猎头业如何克服发展道路中的障碍

成熟的猎头业为社会各行业提供高端人才服务,在社会和经济发展过程中扮演着重要角色,越来越成为社会的人力资源部。我国猎头业的发展与国外相比尚存在很多问题：政策壁垒较高,市场发展不成熟,也缺乏行业规制与引导。宜降低政策壁垒,提高行业管理水平,鼓励适度竞争,克服这些障碍。     

美国不当搜查对策体系析解

美国的不当搜查对策体系分为两部分 ,即关于搜查令的取得和执行之运行机制 ,关于违反运行机制所获证据效力之救济机制。其确立的基础是国家的诉讼价值取向及社会对“正义误差”的认知层次。建立一个较为完善的不当搜查对策体系 ,必须着手 :1 制定一套严格廓清警察和公民个人权利义务的刑事诉讼法规 ;2 修正强制排除规则 ,赋予法官自由裁量权 ;3 建立和完善对不当搜查行为监督和补救的相关制度。