ECJ provides further guidance on the ambit of database right

Following on from the European Court of Justice's ruling on database right in the Directmedia case, the Court has looked in more detail at the protection afforded by database right, and provided further clarification of the meaning of ‘extraction’ and ‘substantial’, particularly in relation to modular databases comprised of several sections. The ECJ's ruling is positive for database owners for the most part, bolstering its previous broad interpretation of the acts of ‘extraction’ that can infringe and considering in more detail other points touched on in the Directmedia, British Horseracing Board and Fixtures Marketing cases. This article discusses the outcome and implications of the ruling.     

司法鉴定基本理论之再检讨

司法鉴定应当具有主体特殊性、对象专门性、启动被动性和结果科学性四个基本特征 ,为此 ,建立鉴定人资格确认和审查制度十分必要 ;限定鉴定对象的范围也应成为鉴定制度的要素。强调鉴定程序启动的被动性有利于保持鉴定的中立性 ,并划清鉴定权和司法权的界限 ;强调鉴定结果的科学性则有利于确定鉴定的效力制度。     

民国时期继受英美法理念概介——以日人宫本英雄著《英吉利法研究》为中心

民国时期为中国近代法学之奠基时期,除却国人出版的大量专著,翻译外国法学著作也颇多,但关涉英美法制之作则较少,而日本学者宫本英雄原著、骆通翻译的<英吉利法研究>则为其代表.本文即以<英吉利法研究>为中心,概介民国时期继受英美法理念之途径及意义,尤其指出了法之会通与融合之势.     

Power,Policy and Co-ordination in Law Reform: a Civil Servant and Town Planning Law, 1929–1930

The process of turning policy into legislation has been the subject of intense debates with some emphasising 'pressure groups', some pointing to Members of Parliament and others stressing the importance of civil servants with their own strong beliefs. This article argues that a particular type of civil service role has not been explored: we need to look at the civil servant who co-ordinates the process of reform. He or she starts with no particular commitment but seeks to provide a framework for legislation which can respond to contrasting and, on some occasions, even mutually inconsistent ideas. Co-ordination is in itself a form of power, and its significance can be seen in the compromises and gaps which are often found in government legislation and which are frequently the product of the co-ordinating role with its search for some minimal level of agreement and 'workable' drafts. The case-study for this analysis of law-making is the strained attempt to reform planning law in the years 1929–1932 in such a way as to make the law an instrument for preserving the countryside and improving housing and city conditions. It was a major attempt at social engineering and highly contentious for contemporaries. It is the essence of this type of law-reform that it simultaneously changes past law and, because it is an administratively co-ordinated compromise, it also produces problems which demand further reform within a few years.     

Labour and Antisemitism: a Crisis Misunderstood

In this article, we argue that Labour’s antisemitism crisis has been misunderstood. We suggest that a more accurate and sophisticated understanding of antisemitism offers a way forward. There are three elements to this claim. First, by drawing on existing data on attitudes towards Jews, we criticise the widespread focus on individual ‘antisemites’, rather than on the broader problem of antisemitism. In turn, we conceive of antisemitism not as a virus or poison, as in so many formulations, but rather, as a reservoir of readily available images and ideas that subsist in our political culture. Second, following on from this understanding, we offer five ways forward. Finally, we set this analysis in the context of a historical parting of the ways between anti-racism and opposition to antisemitism. An anti-racism defined solely by conceptions of whiteness and power, we argue, has proven unable to fully acknowledge and account for anti-Jewish racism.     

通过一典型案例谈案后足迹的运用

提取现场足迹,是寻找案后足迹的先决条件、是同一认定的基础;准确划定侦查范围,是寻找案后足迹的关键。如何运用案后足迹侦破案件,则依赖于技术人员对现场足迹的正确认识和灵活超常的扩展思维能力的培养。文章阐述了案后足迹运用的基本方法,并指出了利用案后足迹应注意的问题。     

论利用影响力受贿罪的犯罪构成要件

利用影响力受贿罪是在我国刑法修正案七中新增加的一个罪名。由于法律对近亲属和关系密切的人这一主体的范围没有明确规定,在法律适用上,容易产生分歧,本文将依据我国相关的法律规定并结合国情对利用影响力受贿罪的犯罪构成要件加以论述,并重点探讨犯罪主体的界定问题。     

Britain and Europe

Britain decided to join the European Community because its postwar, postimperial policies had failed and successive Governments saw no viable alternative. After ten years of being denied entry by De Gaulle, Britain joined on disadvantageous terms and with the British political parties, and the British people, deeply divided. Accession did not resolve the underlying issues and Britain's first year of membership saw an unprecedented oil crisis, bad relations between Britain and the United States and the demise of the British government led by Edward Heath. The underlying issues which had not been resolved in the accession negotiations were reopened by Harold Wilson and later by Margaret Thatcher. Some of them remain unresolved in British politics to this day.     

后脱欧时代“全球英国”外交战略及其前景

英国约翰逊政府将全球英国作为后脱欧时代对外政策的目标,宣称要利用重新获得的自主权,在国际舞台上积极作为,维系英国具有全球影响力的大国地位。然而在实践中,全球英国面临诸多挑战,甚至陷入左右为难的选择困境。其原因有多个方面,主要是全球英国构想存在内在缺陷,英国内部政治嬗变削弱了对外政策的弹性。当然,英国仍试图在外交上有所作为,尤其是维持某种程度的战略自主,因而仍将是国际格局中的一个重要变量。     

英国宪法中的议会主权与法律主治思想探析

“议会主权”被认为是产生英国宪法的第一条大义。20世纪以来，特别是第二次世界大战以后，随着英国行政力量的加强和欧盟法体系的加入，“议会主权”受到了来自国内行政集权和欧盟法效力的限制和冲击。尽管如此，它依然保留了其在宪政体制中的核心地位。“法律主治”是以“议会主权”为前提的，其作为“英吉利制度的要素”和英国宪法产生的第二条大义，与“议会主权”共同构成了英国宪法的重要原则。