Somali Community Organizations in London and Toronto: Collaboration and Effectiveness

This article considers the high number of Somali community organizationsin both London and Toronto. Drawing on interviews in both locationswith Somali women refugees and discussions with those involvedin their resettlement, evidence shows that many Somalis continueto feel marginalized in terms of service provision and thatcollective representation is limited, despite the high numberof specifically Somali organizations that exist. Through a comparisonof the Somali community organizations in London and Toronto,this article highlights factors which have inhibited the developmentof a united, collaborative Somali voice. Contributory factorsare shown to derive partly from the persistent clan dynamicsamong Somalis and the solutions Somalis find, and partly fromfailings in service and funding provision. It is argued that,in the Somali case, exclusionary dynamics undermine the roleof community organizations in rebuilding community and belongingand providing a safe and empowering setting in which individualsand communities may regain confidence and begin the processof integration within the receiving society.     

塑造终身体育理念构建大学体育教育新模式

大学体育教育一直处在不受人们重视的尴尬境地,这既源于人们对体育的内涵缺乏足够的认识,也源于大学体育教育的内容陈旧。大学体育教育如何改革现有的不合理的体育课程设置和观念,在教育理念上引入终身体育思想,让体育课摆脱“课”的窠臼,使学生们充分认识到终身体育在人生中的重要作用,使体育成为人们生活的必需,仍然是摆在高校体育教育和高校体育教师面前的一个重要任务。     

日据初期日本在台湾的宗教调查及其宗教政策——以佛教调查为中心的考察

日本据台初期,非官方和官方组织了一系列以佛教为中心的宗教调查.这些调查涉及日本佛教在台的布教、台湾寺庙僧侣、台湾原有习俗信仰、台湾佛教历史发展等.在调查的基础上,日据当局形成了其初期的宗教政策,即对来台的日本佛教加以有限的控制和限制,对台湾旧有宗教实行有限的"放任主义",是其"旧惯温存"政治统治政策的体现.日据初期的宗教政策,确立了日据当局对台湾宗教发展的统辖地位,影响了台湾传统佛教的发展方向,开拓了日本佛教以后在台湾的发展空间     

Understanding the Structure of a Large Heroin Distribution Network: A Quantitative Analysis of Qualitative Data

An analysis is reported of 2,408 wiretap conversations gathered in the course of prosecuting a heroin dealing organization in New York City in the 1990s. The five-step analysis, which included a social network analysis of phone contacts, revealed a large, loosely structured group of 294 individuals, most of whom had very limited contacts with others in the group. The group’s active core comprised 38 individuals with extended contacts, little status differentiation and some task specialization. A smaller more tightly connected group of 22 individuals was somewhat independent of the remainder of the core and appeared to constitute a “communal business”. The existence was not confirmed of the large criminal conspiracy described by the prosecution that operated at all levels of trafficking and dealing, from wholesale distribution to street sales. Rather, it appeared that the 294 individuals comprised one segment of the heroin market in the city. However, the discrepancy could be due to the fact that the prosecution drew upon a wider set of information about the individuals concerned than provided by the wiretap data. The study supports recent analyses that see organized crimes, such as drug trafficking, as mostly the work of small groups of loosely linked entrepreneurs rather than large, highly structured criminal syndicates.

不同损伤程度脑震荡鼠逆行性遗忘变化比较

目的研究不同损伤程度脑震荡(CC)大鼠逆行性遗忘(RA)之变化情况。方法用金属单摆打击装置复制大鼠不同损伤程度脑震荡模型,用Morris水迷宫检测脑震荡后大鼠逆行性遗忘变化情况。结果单纯性脑震荡(PCC)大鼠打击后72h内出现逆行性遗忘,伤后4d出现认知受损,随后恢复。复杂性脑震荡(CCC)大鼠打击后5d内既有逆行性遗忘的存在,又有认知功能受损,5d后恢复。结论大鼠不同损伤程度脑震荡后均出现逆行性遗忘,且脑震荡损伤程度不同,逆行性遗忘持续时间亦不同,脑震荡程度越重,RA持续时间越长。     

社区治理共同体建设中的信任机制:类型、特征与再生产

社区信任是建设社区治理共同体的前提条件。社区治理共同体建设过程中存在着行政信任和人格信任两种截然不同的信任机制。行政信任是指对社区行政组织的认同,行政主导、行政在场和行政加冕程序强化了行政信任的生产与再生产,使行政信任具有了可迁延性。人格信任是指对社会组织这一外来治理结构的总体性疏离和对其中个体行动者的特殊化信任,具体化信任、功利性信任和总体不信任是人格信任的基本特征,因此人格信任具有不可逆性。超越对社会组织的人格信任需要从建立总体性关联、把社会组织推到前台、提升服务自主性与专业性、加强制度宣传与公民教育等四个方面着手。唯有如此,才能走出社区治理的"共同体悖论"困局,真正发挥社区信任的治理功能。     

论建国以来党加强执政能力建设的历史经验

中国共产党执政五十多年来,一直把执政能力建设作为一项根本建设来抓。在长期的执政党建设实践中形成了丰富的执政能力建设经验。今天,回顾和考察建国以来党加强执政能力建设的历史进程,总结执政能力建设的历史经验,将有助于我们完整准确的理解和把握党的执政能力建设的基本规律,对加强党的执政能力建设具有重要的现实意义。     

论保持党组织整体的先进性

保持党组织整体的先进性是党的执政能力建设这一伟大工程的重要组成部分。保持党组织整体的先进性要保持党员的先进性、党的指导思想的先进性、党的组织原则的科学性及党在社会发展中起积极的推动作用。     

构建党员长效压力机制模型的思考

文章试图从牵引机制、责任机制、考评机制、监督机制等四个方面来构建一个保持共产党员先进性的压力模型。在这个模型中,考评体系和奖惩体系是重心;牵引机制作为辐射“光源”,与考评机制和责任机制两个基础性的支架构成一个匀称的三角形;监督机制贯穿于三个机制之中,对考评机制、责任机制和牵引机制起着督促性的作用,形成一个外接圆。压力机制模型就是一个以考评和奖惩体系为重心的三角形,再加一个外接圆的稳固结构。这一模型围绕考评体系和奖惩体系可以对共产党员保持一股恒常的压力,形成共产党员保持先进性的长效机制。