Correctly Understanding “School Choice”

Despite ample debates over the efficacy of school choice, theorizing has lagged behind and this hinders progress. Milton Friedman, the choice movement founder, never claimed that choice would improve academics; choice was inherently valuable and parents might demand anything. Choice advocates also exaggerate the remedial power of markets and proliferating academic options seldom brings academic diligence. Given free tutoring opportunities, those lagging behind reject them, and costs will usually be too high for most low achievers. Extensive schooling options already exist, so waging political battles to add more is unnecessary. Moreover, today’s supposed “school choice” is not genuine consumer choice no matter how educationally worthwhile; it is imposed from above san consumer input. Even when choice schools shine, it is unclear why. If free to chose, consumes may prefer non-academics. Finally, if choice qua choice is the standard, focusing on academic achievement is misdirected.

探析艺术类大学生的教学管理

艺术类学生的教学管理工作一直是高等教育管理中的难点问题。本文从探讨艺术类大学生的特点入手,分析其成因,提出面对这些现实问题,艺术教学一线的工作者应做好三个方面的工作,即以学生的专业学习为中心,做到管理与教学互动;以服务学生为准则,尊重学生个性,把握学生思想动态;加强学生艺术实践锻炼,在实践中提高学生素质。     

Education and economic growth in the United States: cross-national applications for an intra-national path analysis

Do the leading predictors of economic growth found in the cross-national research have a capacity to predict economic growth at the state level in the United States (US)? Are the effects of education spending on economic growth underestimated because research fails to examine the indirect effects of spending on economic growth? This article presents the findings from a study investigating the relationship between education and economic growth in US states while controlling for the effects of the leading predictors of economic growth from the cross-national research. It also utilizes a path model to examine direct and indirect relationships between education spending and economic growth measured as per capita income growth. The results indicate that spending on higher education and highway expenditures demonstrate a positive association with growth in per capita income, while K12 (kindergarten through 12th grade) spending and K12 pupil–teacher ratios demonstrate a negative association with income growth from 1988 to 2005. Moreover, K12 spending and population growth indirectly affect income growth through their relationship with K12 pupil–teacher ratios, and spending on higher education indirectly affects income growth through college attainment rates. Overall, all but one variable from the cross-national research demonstrates a significant direct or indirect relationship with income growth during at least one time-period investigated. Treating K12 pupil–teacher ratios and college attainment as mediating variables also enhances our understanding of the dynamics that explain growth in per capita income at the sub-national level in the US. However, some unexpected findings emerge when the data are analyzed on the basis of two eight-year sub-periods.     

When Education Research Matters

The tangled relationship between education research and policy has received little serious scrutiny, even as paeans to “scientifically based research” and “evidence-based practice” have become a staple of education policymaking in recent years. For all the attention devoted to the 5-year-old Institute of Education Sciences, to No Child Left Behind’s call for “scientifically based research,” to professional interest in data-driven decision-making, and to the refinement of sophisticated analytic tools, little effort has gone into understanding how, when, or why research affects education policy. Instead, most discussion has focused on how to identify “best practices” or “scientifically based” methods and how to encourage classroom educators to use research findings. In this article, based on the new volume, When Research Matters: How Scholarship Influences Education Policy, Frederick M. Hess examines these questions.

破解西部民族地区教育与经济发展低水平均衡——以黔东南州为例

由于历史等方面原因,西部民族地区教育与经济发展长期处于低水平均衡状态,即“经济不发达——教育落后——人才匮乏——经济不发达”的恶性循环。破解这一低水平均衡陷阱,必须使“教育”成为内生变量并发生聚变,即坚持教育优先发展,提升教育对经济社会发展的功能性价值。强力支持西部民族地区优先发展教育,造就足够的人力资源,推动教育与经济发展达到更高层次的均衡水平,是统筹区域发展和实施西部大开发战略的重要内容,对西部民族地区发展具有“造血”意义。     

充分发挥现代远程教育在贵州民族教育中的作用

办好民族地区的农村教育,是建设社会主义新农村的一项重要任务。笔者认为,应利用实施"一村一名大学生工程"计划的机遇,进一步发挥远程教育在我省民族教育中的作用。     

中俄教育服务贸易比较与启示

教育服务贸易已成为国际服务贸易中发展最快的部分,一国教育服务贸易的发展状况反映了并影响着其服务贸易的发展水平.近十多年来,中俄两国的教育服务贸易和高等教育均获得了较快的发展;随着中国改革开放的深入,两国在教育方面的合作与交流日益密切.两国教育服务贸易的发展既具有相似之处,又各具特点.苏联时期所打下的坚实基础和俄罗斯政府对教育服务贸易的重视使俄罗斯的高等教育在世界上仍然处于先进水平.因此,认真分析和比较中俄两国教育服务贸易的发展现状与特点,研究和借鉴俄罗斯发展教育服务贸易的成功经验,可以从中得到一些有益的启示,对今后中俄两国教育交流与合作的进一步开展定会有所裨益.     

The Silent Reform of Swiss Federalism: The New Constitutional Articles on Education

This article examines the decision‐making process leading to the new constitutional articles on education in Switzerland. It analyzes how actors from both state levels (Confederation and cantons) could reach consensus in a process that was prone to a “joint‐decision trap”. To that end, we hypothesize which factors may be conducive to a “problem‐solving” style of policy‐making in a compulsory negotiation system. Rich empirical material from various sources supports our theoretical arguments: We show that shared beliefs and a common frame of reference, the procedural separation between constitutional and distributional issues, neutral brokers, and informal structures were all beneficial to the success of the reform project.     

Duale oder schulische Berufsausbildung? Entwicklungen und Weichenstellungen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz

In der vergleichenden politischen Ökonomie hat das Thema Ausbildung vor allem seit der “Varieties of Capitalism”‐Forschung an Popularität gewonnen. Deutschland, Österreich und die Schweiz gelten dabei als Länder, die ihre Arbeitskräfte im Rahmen einer korporatistisch gesteuerten dualen Ausbildung beruflich bilden. Unser Beitrag zeigt jedoch, dass sich die relativen Teilnehmerzahlen verschiedener Bildungsgänge im Sekundarbereich II seit Mitte der 1970er Jahre unterschiedlich entwickelt haben. In Österreich hat sich über die Zeit die staatlich gesteuerte vollzeitschulische Berufsausbildung neben der dualen Ausbildung etabliert. In Deutschland und in der Schweiz ist das duale Ausbildungssystem nach wie vor dominierend. Als ausschlaggebend für die Expansion der vollzeitschulischen Ausbildung in Österreich identifizieren wir drei zentrale Punkte: erstens die Dominanz der österreichischen Sozialdemokratie und deren informelle Zusammenarbeit mit den Christdemokraten, zweitens die Steuerung des österreichischen Bildungswesens durch den Zentralstaat und drittens die breite Unterstützung der Berufsbildungsreformen durch Arbeitgeber und Gewerkschaften. Bedeutende Weichenstellungen erfolgten in den 1970er Jahren.     

开创浦东公安监管工作新局面的实践与思考

当前,公安监管工作与新时期、新任务的要求存在着一定的差距。上海市公安局浦东新区看守所为开创公安监管工作的新局面,规范了岗位操作程序,改革了勤务模式,强化了职业教育培训,推行了岗位责任制度,完善了激励保障机制等。