农村财务管理中的腐败现状及其惩防模式构建

近年来,农村财务腐败问题从反腐败“盲区”变为社会关注的焦点之一,违纪违法案件也呈现出数量由少到多、案值由小到大的发展态势,成为影响农村经济社会和谐发展的重要制约因素。当前农村财务腐败的行为表征体现为：违规操作,牟取私利;巧立名目,虚假冒领;肆意隐瞒集体资产与收入;票据使用不规范,收支管理混乱;现金管理不合理,白条列支严重等方面。究其原因,主要是主体自律与他律意识呈现“双弱”态势,村级财务管理体制不规范,监控体系不完善,对现有的农村财务腐败案件的惩处力度也不够严厉。因此,要构建以教育反腐为基础、群众反腐和社会反腐为保障,技术反腐、体改反腐、司法反腐为手段的农村财务腐败惩防体系,为农村基层党风廉政建设奠定坚实的基础。     

新冠背景下以危险方法危害公共安全罪的界限

在我国刑法典中,以危险方法危害公共安全罪存在立法留白,其罪状描述缺乏明确性.而在司法实践中,此罪的触角已进入生产非食品原料、盗窃井盖、交通肇事等领域.在2020年新型冠状病毒疫情的助推下,两高、两部联合制定了《关于依法惩治妨害新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控违法犯罪的意见》,将两种情形以以危险方法危害公共安全定罪处罚,明显...     

Brown,Governor of California v Plata

This case note examines the controversial decision of the US Supreme Court which, by a majority of 5:4 held that California should reduce its prison population as overcrowding levels gave rise to cruel and unusual punishment. The implications of the case for the interpretation of when prisoners' rights under the Eighth Amendment are breached, the separation of powers are discussed; the possible impact on prison rates in the USA is also examined.     

论慎刑理念对古代司法运行机制的影响

慎刑理念作为中国传统司法文化的重要组成部分,是传统司法文化中最能够代表主流司法理念的内容。所谓"慎刑"就是主张在适用法律、实施刑罚时应该审慎、宽缓,无论立法、司法都必须崇德,施用刑罚要慎重从事。儒家秉持的人本主义,"仁政"理念,为政以德和"执中致和"等思想是慎刑理念发展延续的理论基础。慎刑理念主要在司法机构设置、司法官吏的执法要求和违法责任的追究、司法审判方式和原则、诉讼审判程序等方面对古代司法制度的设计与运行产生了十分重要的影响。研究这种理念、制度的发生和存在的意义在于不仅可以加深我们对中国传统司法文化特征及其历史价值的认识,而且对于我们如何在当代的社会主流文化中创新与时代发展相适应的司法理念和司法制度,具有启示意义。     

Alcohol and Drug Mitigation in Capital Murder Trials: Implications for Sentencing Decisions

Analyses of the impact on sentencing when alcohol and drug‐related mitigation is used in the sentencing phases of capital murder trials is virtually absent from the existing literature. The present study addresses this by exploring the effect of having mitigation with alcohol and drug themes accepted in a large sample (n = 804) of capital murder trials in North Carolina. Logistic regression analyses that include a number of relevant control variables reveal no substantive impacts of having alcohol mitigation accepted by capital murder juries, but drug mitigators that were either accepted or rejected by juries were associated with an increased risk of receiving a death sentence. Possible reasons for the results and their implications are discussed and suggestions are made for further study of the effects of alcohol/drug mitigation in capital trials.     

Community Risk Management of High-Risk Sex Offenders in Canada: Findings From a Quasi-Experimental Study

Although considerable controversy surrounds capital punishment, there is no disagreement about the injustice of executing innocent persons. While critics of the death penalty have cited the risk of executing the innocent as a reason for its abolition, adherents have dismissed the risk of error as negligible, if not inevitable, and insufficient reason to halt capital punishment. Still others have proposed or enacted reforms designed to minimize the risk of erroneous capital convictions and sentences and, hence, allow executions to go forward in deserving cases in which doubts about guilt have largely been eradicated. In this article, we examine the principled tensions that accompany attempts simultaneously to safeguard the innocent from execution while promoting the objectives of capital punishment. We focus, in particular, on reforms recently incorporated into Maryland’s death penalty law. We suggest that the existing tensions between protecting the innocent from execution and promoting the objectives of capital punishment are so pronounced that attempted reconciliation of the competing interests is difficult to defend, either in principle or in practice.     

两岸三地公共场所禁烟立法的比较与借鉴

吸烟者的吸烟自由与被动吸烟者的生命健康权存在冲突,家庭等私人机制对于出现在非公共场所中相关矛盾可予以妥善处理,但是对于公共场所中发生的相关矛盾则应当诉诸公权力的干预。各国及地区已经普遍地建立公共场所禁烟制度,台湾、香港的相关立法堪为大陆立法借鉴。比较两岸三地立法,公共场所的界定是控烟的关键,管理体制的建立是控烟的重要保障,处罚机制的设计是控烟有效实施的基础。     

宽严相济刑事政策的展开

宽严相济刑事政策具有开放的空间,但需要立法者、司法者和执行者在刑法基本原则的制约之下展开其具体内容。宽严相济刑事政策应当首先作为刑事立法政策指导刑事立法,而刑事立法政策、刑事司法政策和刑事执行政策应当放在整体的刑事社会政策中考察,在有关犯罪人人权保障和被害人被害补偿的刑事社会政策中进一步展开宽严相济的刑事政策。     

上海市静安区2008-2013年餐饮服务监管行政处罚情况研究

本文通过对上海市静安区2008～2013年餐饮服务行业卫生行政监管处罚情况的相关信息进行整理,分析目前静安区餐饮服务行业经营的现状以及存在的问题,以期找出监管的关键环节,便于更好地监管以及预防区域内食品安全事件的发生。     

从罪刑均衡到罪责刑相适应——兼论刑法中“人”的消隐与凸显

刑法理论发展史上,经由刑事古典学派与刑事实证学派的对立纷争,罪刑关系经历了从罪刑均衡到"人"刑对应的演绎脉络。我国当代刑法理论确定罪责刑相适应原则,藉由刑事责任论的建构和充实,较为完美地实现了罪刑关系范畴中行为考察和行为人评价的统一。梳理从罪刑均衡到罪责刑相适应的发展历程,可以看出,伴随刑法理论的发展,犯罪人逐渐实现从消隐到凸显的地位变迁。当代刑法学的发展方向,应是日益重视行为人主体地位的确立和人格特征的评价。以此为视角,我国刑法学应从理论上更加重视主观因素和行为人因素的植入,在实践中更加关注行为人人身危险性的评价和犯罪恶性的改造。