中低收入者住房金融的国际经验与借鉴

由于各个国家历史背景、基本国情不同,各个国家在实践中形成了各有特色的中低收入者住房金融制度。由于拥有世界上最发达的资本市场,美国在中低收入者住房金融方面建立了完备的住房抵押贷款市场;新加坡住房金融是一种强制储蓄模式,包括中低收入群体在内,核心政策是推行住房公积金制度;在德国,主要通过社会福利房、住房合作社、住房互助储蓄信贷银行等方式来解决中低收入者的住房金融问题;在英国,住房抵押贷款是许多中低收入购房者的重要资金来源。     

金融功能异化的金融法矫治

作为虚拟经济核心的金融,如果偏离为实体经济服务的正常轨道与价值定位,迟早都会导致金融功能异化,从而引起金融危机的爆发。本文在探讨金融功能的基础上,分析金融功能异化的表现及原因,提出针对异化的金融功能进行金融法矫治的主张。通过金融法的社会责任本位价值导向使金融回归为实体经济服务的本位,对金融主体及其行为的金融法规制使金融尽可能地走向理性,以更加角色化的金融法责任设置使金融活动立足于实体经济基础并承担信用风险,从而营造一个维护金融体系、发挥金融功能的法律秩序。     

后京都时代：建立可持续碳排放政策的法律意义探析

碳是所有石化燃料的重要组成部分。由于我们越来越多地依赖碳燃料,释放到大气中的二氧化碳浓度也在迅速增加。多数科学家和政府承认温室气体已经并将继续为地球和人类带来灾难,包括频繁的恶劣天气,自然生态系统被破坏。所以“（控制）碳排放”、“碳中和”这样的专业术语,已经成为被大多数人所理解、接受、并采取行动的基础。随着“后京都时代”的来临,发达国家要求发展中国家制定强制性标准,共同为遏制全球气候变暖和可持续发展承担责任成为大势所趋。     

互联网金融法律问题论纲—基于金融企业实务的视角

时下国内最热门的话题莫过于互联网金融,究其原因主要是因为互联网金融不仅关涉政府部门、金融机构或互联网企业,也正在改变着社会的方方面面,包括思维方式、行为习惯和商业模式。当变革带给我们巨大便利和实惠的同时,纷繁复杂的互联网金融模式也留下了各种问题和争论,然而,在互联网金融发展的初期,法律层面的问题是我们首先需要面对和解决的。以实务的视角来看,互联网金融区别于传统金融的特征在于金额小、人数多、总量大和涉及面广,因而需要我们树立开放、包容和创新的理念,去探索适合互联网金融的法律规范模式。     

Financial Institutions between Effectiveness and Legitimacy – A Legal Analysis of the World Bank,Global Environment Facility and Prototype Carbon Fund

Environmental financing is one of the crucial issues of international environmental law and its implementation. From an environmental perspective a prerequisite for success is that financial resources are used in an environmentally effective way. Whether the World Bank, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF) can be perceived as effective environmental actors has to be measured by their objectives, their potential to promote accepted environmental standards and their relevant funding practices. After significant improvements of their environmental policies, the World Bank must be considered the most important institution for environmental financing due to its involvement in environmental trust funds but also in regard to its regular lending practices. The GEF remains exceptional due to its institutional structure and scope, whereas the PCF is an example of public–private partnerships that might be a model for future financing via trust funds. Since acceptance of institutions can only be created if they are considered to be legitimate, legitimacy is closely tied to effectiveness. The main criteria for legitimacy are state consent and the equality of states as well as supplementary considerations such as transparency and public participation. From this perspective the World Bank, GEF and PCF structures of voting and participation have come a long way, and despite their particularities and deficiencies they reflect to a varying degree elements of legitimate decision making.     

Repressed futures: financial derivatives' theological unconscious

Financial derivatives are credited with bringing to the fore a number of sociological and metaphysical problems for modernity, from the instantiation of particular modalities of risk to the destabilization of referentiality in knowledge-claims about the world. This essay argues that derivatives can take on the particular power they hold in such accounts only through a repression of their mathematical technique. Opening up the black box of the mathematical technique through a history of statistics, it argues that the founding trauma animating derivatives' discursive power is the separation of religion from the technical procedures of mathematics and the stochastic models that give form to trading in derivatives. Derivatives' indexical power is a symptom of this trauma. That symptomatology reveals derivatives to be a moral, not just mathematical, problematic.     

Evaluation of preliminary isotopic analysis (13C and 15N) of explosives A likelihood ratio approach to assess the links between semtex samples

Currently, the use of isotopic ratio as corroborative evidence in criminal trials is explored. Beyond the analytical challenges that have been reported elsewhere, the crucial issue of the interpretation of analytical results in a fair and balanced way remains poorly documented. The aim of this paper is to propose a likelihood ratio approach for the evaluation of stable isotope data acquired from semtex samples. It will also lead to recommendations in relation to the acquisition of normalised international data.     

以财务管理为中心全面推动现代企业科学管理

建立现代企业制度要求达到“产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理”。实践证明,以财务管理为中心全面推动现代企业科学管理,是加强企业财务管理、促进企业不断发展的需要,也是社会主义市场经济发展的必然要求。     

顶空气质联用法测定腐败血、肝检材中CO

目的研究CO中毒腐败血、肝组织检材中CO的HS/GC/MS检测。方法用HS/GC/MS法分析碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)血的线性范围。配制10%、30%、50%、70%浓度COHb血样,分别在室温、冷藏、冷冻条件下保存,分别在当日、第4、14、45d进行测定,比较实验结果。腐败肝组织由雄性健康家兔通CO气体致死,当天解剖,家兔肝常温隔绝空气保存并放35d至腐败,期间进行不定期顶空测定分析。结果制备的COHb血在0-100%之间有良好的线性关系Y=2.4X+2.2(r=0.9995)。以此方法测定家兔CO中毒致死的COHb新鲜血的浓度和4℃下放置45dCOHb腐败血,结果表明温度对血样中COHb%的测定影响最大。采用HS/GC/MS法检测,每次只需0.25ml血样或1g肝脏,分析一次时间只需3min,均可检测出新鲜检材和常温放置45d的腐败肝组织检材CO的含量。结论HS/GC/MS法能检出CO中毒的腐败生物检材中CO。     

不同级层财政主体的农村公共服务供给能力分析

本文主要利用实地调研资料,对乡、县及省级以上财政对农村公共服务的供给能力进行了分析.研究结果表明,乡级财政主要维持乡镇行政机构的运转,县级财政保障了公共服务机构的运转并提供日常的公共服务需要,而农村中的公共建设则主要依赖于省级以上财政,对于中西部地区而言,中央财政在农村公共建设中的作用是至关重要的.本文认为,农村公共服务供给能力的过度上移,不利于供给效率的提高.