血液保存中碳氧血红蛋白稳定性研究进展

通过分析近年来有关血液样品中碳氧血红蛋白稳定性方面的研究资料,发现血液中碳氧血红蛋白的稳定性受到盛放容器、保存温度、容器顶部空气体积、初始HbCO饱和度及防腐剂的添加与否的影响,其中保存温度、容器顶部空气体积及初始HbCO饱和度则是其主要影响因素。     

农村社会中传统型管理者与底层精英的社会流动

传统型管理者是农村中的落后力量,底层精英是农村社会经济发展的中坚力量.传统型管理者与底层精英之间存在着诸多分歧和矛盾,二者的循环流动渠道的畅通与否直接关系到农村的稳定.     

The use of crossover immunoelectrophoresis to detect human blood protein in soil from an ambush scene in Kosovo

This study examines the survivability of human blood proteins in soils from a year and a half old ambush scene in Kosovo. A total of 72 soil samples were collected, a number of which were directly associated with bone fragments or bullet projectiles. The samples were examined using crossover immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) to determine the presence of blood protein and species affiliation. Human blood proteins were identified in 44 of the 72 samples (61%) with the majority of the positive observations (29 of 44) found 0.0-4.5 cm below ground surface (65%). Chi-squared and two-sample difference of proportions tests confirmed significant differences between samples with and without associated physical evidence and the presence and depth of human blood proteins. While DNA has largely replaced immunological analysis in forensic analyses, our results suggest that in particular situations, CIEP may still be a valuable tool in criminology.     

Physical components of soft-tissue ballistic wounding and their involvement in the generation of blood backspatter*

Gunshot backspatter comprises biological material expelled backward through bullet entry holes. Crime scene investigators analyze backspatter patterns to infer wounding circumstances. An understanding of the mechanism of backspatter generation, and the relationship between spatter patterns and bullet and tissue characteristics, would enhance the predictive value of such analysis. We examined soft-tissue ballistic wounding responses to determine the underlying components and how these might be relevant to the generation of backspatter. We identified five mechanistic components to ballistic wounding (elastic, viscous, crushing, cutting, and thermal), each related to mechanical disciplines (respectively, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, fracture mechanics, rheology, and thermodynamics). We identified potential roles for these five components in backspatter formation and provide a scenario whereby a sequence of events incorporating these components could lead to backspatter generation and expulsion. This research provides a framework for the mathematical representation, and subsequent computational predictive modeling, of backspatter generation and pattern formation.     

GC/MS法测定血液中的米氮平

目的采用液液提取-GC/MS法检测血液中米氮平。方法用0.1mol/L NaOH溶液调节血液pH值为8～9,以二氯甲烷∶环己烷(4∶6)混合溶剂作为提取溶剂,液液提取法提取血液中米氮平,外标法气相色谱/质谱联用仪定性定量分析。在2mL血中分别添加标准米氮平1、0.5、0.1μg,进行回收率测定。结果血液中添加米氮平的平均回收率为91.5%,方法的工作曲线为Y=1E+06X-16206,相关系数r=0.999 7,线性范围0.5～10μg/mL,最小检出限0.1μg/mL(S/N=46)。结论本文方法操作简便,适合于血液中米氮平的定性、定量分析,可在实际捡案中选择使用。     

水溶性碲化镉量子点溶液显现血潜指纹

目的建立巯基丁二酸修饰的水溶性碲化镉量子点溶液（MSA/CdTe QDs）显现多种客体表面的血潜指纹的方法。方法利用量子点对人体血液成分的特异性标识作用,365nm紫外光激发使其荧光显像。结果 MSA/CdTe溶液显现时间显著短于文献报导的同类方法;显现效果和灵敏度优于显现血潜指纹常用试剂四甲基联苯胺和氨基黑10B。结论水溶性MSA/CdTe溶液适于显现多种客体表面的血潜指纹,效果优异。     

Rh血型系统的分子生物学研究进展

Rh血型是极复杂的人类红细胞血型系统之一,至少包括45种独立的血型抗原。过去的10年间,Rh血型的研究取得了极大的进展,得到了大量分子生物学的研究资料,如Rh血型的遗传方式、RH基因及其进化过程、Rh复合体的结构与功能、红细胞外Rh相似蛋白的表达,Rh基因分型技术也进一步得到发展与改进。本文综述了Rh血型分子生物学的研究进展,以服务于法医学实践。     

组织细胞DNA含量变化与死亡时间的相关性研究

目的研究人死后各器官组织细胞DNA降解变化规律,探讨其在推断死亡时间方面的应用价值,为推断死亡时间提供科学依据。方法已知死亡时间人尸体的心、肝、脾、肾,按死后6,12,24和48h四个时间段取材,制成石蜡切片,经Feulgen染色并图像分析;同时将各器官组织按不同时间段取材,制成单细胞悬液,应用流式细胞仪检测DNA含量。结果(1)人体各器官组织细胞经FCM检测,脾细胞核DNA随死亡时间延长呈现较好的下降梯度,而心、肝、肾,则由于自溶较快,死后6h细胞核DNA含量已很低,其变化情况与死亡时间的相关性不佳;(2)各器官组织细胞核DNA染色强度指数均随死亡时间的延长而下降。结论(1)机体死亡后,各器官组织细胞核DNA含量随死亡时间延长逐渐减少,具有一定的变化规律,其中以脾细胞核DNA含量的变化趋势与死亡时间最具相关性,肝、肾次之,而心最差;(2)方法学分析,图像分析技术(IAT)与流式细胞术(FCM)两种检测方法在研究组织细胞DNA含量变化方面,各有利弊,可互补不足。     

固定双上肢悬挂致死机理初探

为探索固定双上肢悬挂致死的死因及其死亡机理，本研究对１０只家兔进行案例的模拟实验及血气分析．实验结果表明：实验动物悬挂一段时间后开始出现紫绀、呼吸困难、呼吸停止，继而心跳停止、实验后与实验前相比，ＰＨ值、ＰａＯ２、ＨＣＯ３－、ＢＥ水平明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＰａＣＯ２、Ｋ＋、Ｃａ２＋水平明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）．这说明其死因属窒息死．其死亡机理为固定双上肢悬挂后，呼吸肌协调失常致呼吸衰竭死亡．