匈牙利红增强显现血潜鞋印的研究

目的建立一种增强显现血潜鞋印的新方法——匈牙利红显色法。方法根据匈牙利红增强显现血潜鞋印原理,采用固定、染色、冲洗、提取进行显现。结果匈牙利红对非渗透性客体上的血潜印痕增强显现效果明显,但对白纸、织物等非渗透性客体上的潜血印痕没有明显效果。结论可作为一种补充方法用于潜血印痕的提取。     

尸体血液中乙醇质量浓度的分析评价

血液中乙醇质量浓度是分析评价机体内乙醇水平的重要证据,由于尸体内检测到乙醇可能受死后生成、乙醇扩散等因素影响,尸体血液中乙醇质量浓度检测结果未必能反映其死亡时机体内乙醇的真实水平。鉴别尸体内乙醇是否为原始浓度是分析评价的关键。本文对乙醇在体内的分布特点、如何合理取材及死后乙醇扩散、尸体腐败产生的乙醇对乙醇质量浓度分析的影响进行了综述,并对死后乙醇质量浓度检测的分析评价策略进行了讨论。     

张家川县绵羊血液原虫病的调查与防治

对甘肃省张家川县绵羊蜱媒血液原虫病进行了流行病学调查。结果发现 ,绵羊体表寄生蜱类 5种 ,即青海血蜱 (Haemaphysalisqinghaiensis)、长角血蜱 (H .longicornis)、革蜱 (Dermacentorspp .)、草原革蜱 (D .nuttalli)和微小牛蜱 (Boophilusmicroplus) ,其中青海血蜱为传播媒介优势种。绵羊泰勒虫 (Theileriaovis)感染率为 6 2 .2 % ,无形体 (Anaplasmaovis)感染率为 16 .7% ,且有双重感染的病例。体表喷洒药物灭蜱试验表明 ,5 0mg/L倍特对蜱类的半数致死时间 (LT50 )为 4 .91h ,用药后 3d体表残留活蜱数为 3.4± 2 .2只 ,14d后再次染蜱数为 4 9.7± 12 .0只 ,羊只血液原虫病感染率由38.1%降至 8.8% (P <0 .0 1) ,红细胞染虫率由 11.6 %± 6 .9%降至 5 .4 %± 2 .1% (P >0 .0 1)。     

Social networks versus technical networks： How different social interaction patterns effect information system utilization in the organizations？

Improvements in information and communication technologies have reshaped production and consumption relations during the post-modern era. Societies have tried to adapt themselves to the requirements of new knowledge-based economy. It has also become vital for the organizations to meet the needs of knowledge society. Whether they are public or private, organizations play key roles in the transformation processes of the societies and economies. It is important for the organizations not only to use the latest information technologies, but also create social structures, which can ease information flow throughout the organization. Social network studies that are quite different from traditional approaches in sociology can be very useful tools to understand arid manipulate organizational networks. The results of several research activities have shown that actors use their social connections to reach information, resources and possible opportunities （Garguilo ＆ Benassi, 2000）. It is not enough to use advanced information technologies in an organization to build an effective knowledge distribution system regarding the social network perspective, it is required to understand the patterns of social interactions between actors and to find a fit between technical structure and social structure for effective knowledge-based organizational design. Structural holes theory （Butt, 1992） emphasized the importance of brokerage roles of the actors in a social network. Structural holes are unconnected actors （individuals, groups or organizations） in a social network （Burt, 1992）. If there are numerous structural holes in an organization, there will also be quite a number of brokerage opportunities for some actors in the organizational networks. Brokers are the bridges and gatekeepers who are controlling information flow in the organizations. It is vitally important to explore brokerage patterns in an organizational network for an effective knowledge based design. This study is a conceptual framework aiming at bringing an explanation to socially created information flow structures in the organizations by using structural holes theory.     

Comparison of the M-Vac® Wet-Vacuum-Based Collection Method to a Wet-Swabbing Method for DNA Recovery on Diluted Bloodstained Substrates*†‡

A wet-vacuum-based collection method with the M-Vac^® was compared to a wet-swabbing collection method by examining the recovery of diluted blood on 22 substrates of varying porosity. The wet-vacuum method yielded more total nuclear DNA than wet-swabbing on 18 porous substrates, recovering on average 12 times more DNA. However, both methods yielded comparable amounts of total DNA on two porous and two nonporous substrates. In no instance did wet-swabbing significantly recover more DNA. The wet-vacuum method also successfully collected additional DNA on previously swabbed substrates. Mitochondrial DNA yields were assessed, and outcomes were generally similar to the nuclear DNA outcomes described above. Results demonstrate that wet-vacuuming may serve as an alternative collection method to swabbing on difficult porous substrates and could potentially recover additional DNA on previously swabbed substrates. However, swabbing remains the preferred collection method on substrates with visible stains and/or nonporous surfaces for reasons of convenience, simplicity, and lower cost relative to the wet-vacuum method.     

Testing Antemortem Blood for Ethanol Concentration from a Blood Kit in a Refrigerator Fire

The stability of ethanol in antemortem blood stored under various conditions has been widely studied. Antemortem blood samples stored at refrigerated temperature, at room temperature, and at elevated temperatures tend to decrease in ethanol concentration with storage. It appears that the stability of ethanol in blood exposed to temperatures greater than 38°C has not been evaluated. The case presented here involves comparison of breath test results with subsequent analysis of blood drawn at the time of breath testing. However, the blood tubes were in a refrigerator fire followed by refrigerated storage for 5 months prior to analysis by headspace gas chromatography. The subject’s breath was tested twice using an Intoxilyzer 8000. The subject’s blood was tested in duplicate using an Agilent headspace gas chromatograph. The measured breath ethanol concentration was 0.103 g/210 L and 0.092 g/210 L. The measured blood ethanol concentration was 0.0932 g/dL for both samples analyzed. Although the mean blood test result was slightly lower than the mean breath test result, the mean breath test result was within the estimated uncertainty of the mean blood test result. Even under the extreme conditions of the blood kit being in a refrigerator fire, the measured blood ethanol content agreed well with the paired breath ethanol test.     

Validation of presumptive tests for non-human blood using Kastle Meyer and Hemastix reagents

Kastle Meyer and Hemastix reagents are presumptive tests commonly used in forensic casework for the detection of blood, and their suitability has been reviewed in numerous publications. However, studies to date have focused on the validation of these tests on human blood alone, and no published work has looked at the sensitivity, specificity and effect on DNA analysis when using these reagents to presumptively test for animal blood. The aim of this study was to validate the two reagents for use with animal blood, and compare their performance in order to choose the best test based on the circumstances in wildlife crime investigation.The sensitivity, specificity, stability and robustness of the methods were assessed by experiments with dilutions of animal blood (from 1:4 to 1:65536) using direct and indirect (rub) tests, potential interfering substances, blood sources from different species and aged blood. The effects of the two reagents on subsequent DNA analysis were also investigated.During the direct tests, Kastle Meyer showed a higher sensitivity, detecting blood down to a dilution of 1:16,384, one order of magnitude lower than Hemastix. However during the rub test, Hemastix showed a higher sensitivity, detecting blood down to a dilution of 1:64 on porous materials while Kastle Meyer was positive only down to a dilution of 1:16. Moreover, when using the same swab for presumptive testing and DNA extraction, Hemastix testing allowed amplification of a sufficient amount of DNA for species identification at its limit of sensitivity on porous materials (1:64) while Kastle Meyer inhibited most amplification of DNA at its less sensitive limit of 1:16 dilution. On the other hand, Hemastix showed a much lower specificity, producing false positive results when exposed to tomato, potato, rust, avian uric acid, bleach and sink rot, while Kastle Meyer only produced a faint positive reaction from potato. Both tests performed equally well detecting fresh blood of different animal species. The stability test gave comparable results among the tests except for aged fish blood stains, where the Kastle Meyer test performed poorly.Owing to its ease of use, higher sensitivity, and lack of interference with downstream DNA analysis, and despite its reduced specificity compared to Kastle Meyer, the Hemastix method is more appropriate for use in wildlife crime investigations. Positive results would always be confirmed with DNA analysis and the low interference of the reagent will allow the use of a single swab for presumptive testing and DNA sampling.     

补肾活血法对自然流产血栓前状态早期干预研究

目的 观察补肾活血法对自然流产血栓前状态的临床疗效。方法 将50例自然流产血栓前状态患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组25例。对照组口服阿司匹林肠溶片治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上服用补肾活血中药。观察治疗前后患者血清D-二聚体（D-dimer, D-D）、纤维蛋白降解产物（fibrinogen degradation product, FDP）水平、凝血功能相关实验室指标,并对患者妊娠结局进行评价。结果 与治疗前比较,两组治疗后FDP、纤维蛋白原（fibrinogen, Fib）显著降低（P<0.05）,活化部分凝血活酶时间（activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT）、凝血酶时间（thrombin time,TT）均显著延长（P<0.05）。治疗组Fib降低值和TT升高值显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。对照组治疗后19例妊娠,成功妊娠11例,妊娠成功率为57.9%;治疗组妊娠20例,成功妊娠18例,妊娠成功率为90.0%。两组妊娠成功率比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 补肾活血法协同阿司匹林能明显改善自然流产血栓前状态,提高患者妊娠成功率。     

恩替卡韦联合扶正化瘀胶囊治疗肝郁血瘀型慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的 观察恩替卡韦联合扶正化瘀胶囊治疗肝郁血瘀型慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效。方法 将60例肝郁血瘀型慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例;在常规保肝及支持治疗的基础上,对照组仅予恩替卡韦治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上联合扶正化瘀胶囊治疗;比较治疗前和治疗后4、12、24、48周末两组患者血清乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）DNA水平、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原（hepatitis B e antigen,HBeAg）定量和肝功能［丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、总胆红素（totol bilirubin,TBIL）］、肝脏瞬时弹性变化情况。结果 治疗4周末,观察组患者血清HBV-DNA转阴率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗48周后,观察组HBeAg转阴率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗4周末,两组患者血清ALT、TBIL水平均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）;治疗12周末,两组患者ALT、TBIL水平均较治疗4周末显著降低（P<0.05）;治疗24周末与治疗48周末,两组ALT、TBIL水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组治疗4周末血清ALT、TBIL水平,治疗12、24周末TBIL水平较对照组降低更为明显（P<0.05）。治疗48周末,两组患者肝脏瞬时弹性均显著降低（P<0.05）,观察组肝脏瞬时弹性指标降低程度显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 恩替卡韦联合扶正化瘀胶囊治疗有助于提高肝郁血瘀型慢性乙型肝炎患者HBeAg转阴率、HBV-DNA快速应答率,并对肝功能改善和抗肝纤维化均有较好作用。     

桃红四物汤促进产后血瘀大鼠子宫修复的作用

目的 观察桃红四物汤对产后血瘀大鼠子宫修复的促进作用,探讨其与内皮素-1（endothelin-1,ET-1）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）及血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）和血管内皮生长因子受体2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,VEGFR-2）的关联性。方法 选取产后血瘀模型复制成功的大鼠40只,将其随机分为桃红四物汤高剂量（18.0 g/kg）、中剂量（9.0 g/kg）、低剂量（4.5 g/kg）组,阳性对照组（益母草颗粒4.3 g/kg）和模型组（蒸馏水）,另取正常雌性大鼠作为正常对照组。连续给药7 d后,腹主动脉取血,分离子宫,苏木精-伊红染色法观察子宫血瘀状态,免疫组织化学法检测子宫VEGFR-2表达情况;酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中ET-1、iNOS及VEGF水平。结果 桃红四物汤可明显改善子宫血瘀程度,促进子宫组织中VEGFR-2的表达;桃红四物汤高、中剂量组大鼠血清VEGF及iNOS水平明显升高（P＜0.05）,ET-1水平明显降低（P＜0.05）。结论 桃红四物汤可促进产后血瘀大鼠子宫修复,其修复作用可能与调节子宫血管舒缩功能及促进子宫血管新生有关。