我国商事登记立法的不足与完善

商事登记制度在我国设立多年。我国商事登记立法中存在诸多缺陷,如商事登记立法之间存在冲突,立法形式分散,法出多门等等,为此,应实行公私法分离立法模式,统一完善商事登记制度等措施,以完善我国商事登记法律制度。     

积极发挥审计监督不可替代的重要作用努力构建有公安特色的惩治和预防腐败体系

公安审计队伍作为一支独立的监督力量,在公安业务、队伍和党风廉政建设中发挥了重要作用,为公安事业作出了应有贡献.在构建有公安特色的惩防体系过程中,应继续按照公安机关大监督格局的路子,进一步发挥审计职能作用,坚持发挥审计工作的"三个效益",努力形成预防有效、监督及时、惩治有力的惩防体系.     

中美公共政策评估系统比较及启示

构思精美,设计精良的政策并非都能达到预期的效果.由于认知的局限性和政策的复杂性,在政策实践中,事与愿违的现象是普遍存在的.因此,政策评估至关重要.现代意义上的政策评估兴起于上世纪60一70年代的美国,而我国在引进政策科学后总体上仍处于"引进"阶段,尚未完全完成"消化、吸收尤其是创新"过程.本文通过比较研究中美两国在公共政策评估系统的差异,从评估者、评估对象、评估目的、评估标准和评估方法五个方面对比分析,得出一些针对我国公共政策评估系统存在问题的启示.     

Validation studies of the ParaDNA® Intelligence System with artificial evidence items

Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is one of the mostly used systems for forensic applications. In certain circumstances, STR profiling is time-consuming and costly, which potentially leads to delays in criminal investigations. LGC (Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK) Forensics has developed a robust STR profiling platform called the ParaDNA^® Intelligence Test System which can provide early tactical intelligence and aid investigators in making informed decisions on sample prioritization for detection. Here, we validated the ParaDNA intelligence test for its application in forensic cases using a range of mock evidence items following guidelines set by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Specifically, we tested the sensitivity and accuracy of the ParaDNA intelligence test, as well as the success rates for detecting mock samples and for use in case scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that the ParaDNA intelligence test generates useful DNA profiles, especially for samples such as blood, saliva, and semen that contain ample DNA, indicating the benefits of including ParaDNA as a prior step in forensic STR profiling pipelines.     

当代中国卫生防疫体系建设及其经验

当代中国卫生防疫体系是在战争、贫困和疫病的困扰下逐渐起步的。面对旧时代遗留下来的薄弱卫生工作基础,在毛泽东等老一辈党和国家领导人的部署和领导下,全国上下齐心协力,攻坚克难,初步创建了中华人民共和国卫生防疫体系。改革开放以来,中国经济快速发展的同时,卫生防疫体系逐步在完善,并且经历了从单一的卫生防疫向全面的疾病防控,再到以"人民健康为中心"的两次较为明显的演变。经过七十多年的建设,我们科学防疫精神的实践理性得到发扬,取得丰富的经验,使我们的卫生防疫体系在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中发挥实质作用。     

2019年中国刑法实施报告

2019年是新中国成立70周年的伟大日子。70年来,在中国的刑事法治建设取得长足发展的同时,中国刑法学在始终恪守重视基础理论的总结、创新与完善的基础上,亦更加主动地回应社会现实关切的热点、疑点、难点问题,彰显出鲜明的时代特色,凸显出刑法积极参与社会治理的重要功能,弘扬了新时代我国刑法学鲜明的问题意识与自主意识。相较以往,2019年度刑事犯罪在涉众型、风险型、科技型等领域较为突出,呈现出涉案金额巨大、危害面广、手法多样且不断翻新等特点。2019年度刑法实施报告主要将以下七个板块作为研究重点:新中国成立七十年刑事法治和刑法理论的变迁与反思、正当防卫制度的适用与完善、"扫黑除恶"专项斗争、人工智能时代刑法挑战的前瞻应对、互联网金融领域腐败犯罪治理防范问题、认罪认罚从宽制度实体适用问题及民刑交叉、行刑衔接等问题。     

Applying behavioural science to the annual electoral canvass in England: Evidence from a large-scale randomised controlled trial

Local authorities in Great Britain are required to ensure that their electoral registers are as accurate and complete as possible. To this end, Household Enquiry Forms (HEFs) are mailed to all properties annually to collect updated details from residents, and any eligible unregistered residents will subsequently be invited to register to vote. Unfortunately, HEF nonresponse is pervasive and costly. Using insights from behavioural science, we modified letters and envelopes posted to households as part of the annual canvass, and evaluated their effects using a randomised controlled trial across two local authorities in England (N=226,528 properties). We find that modified materials – particularly redesigned envelopes – significantly increase initial response rates and savings. However, we find no effects on voter registration. While certain behavioural interventions can improve the efficiency of the annual canvass, other approaches or interventions may be needed to increase voter registration rates and update voter information.     

我国债权人代位权制度之检讨

<中华人民共和国合同法>及最高人民法院对其所作的解释确立了我国的债权人代位权制度.笔者认为,这一制度与传统意义上的债权人代位权制度相比有很大不同,由此将会带来诸多负面影响.本文拟对我国的这一制度与传统意义上的代位权制度作一比较,指出这一制度之中存在的问题,并提出一些完善该制度的立法建议.     

美、德、日公司监督机制模式的比较与借鉴

世界各国公司监督机制立法模式不同。英美法系的美国公司采用一元制模式,独立董事制度是监督机制的核心。大陆法系的德、日公司采用二元制模式,监事会制度是监督机制的核心,而德、日又有所不同。我国亦采用二元制模式,但监事会却存在着“形同虚设、监督不力”的状况。因此,应该借鉴世界各国先进的立法经验,重新审视和构建我国的公司监督制度,选择一个适合我国实际情况的公司监督机制模式。