Past as global trade governance prelude: reconfiguring debate about reform of the multilateral trading system

This paper peers backwards into the history of the multilateral trading system and its development over the past half century as a means of considering what may lie beyond the horizon for the future of global trade governance. Its purpose is to underscore the necessity and urgency for root-and-branch reform of the multilateral trading system. It achieves this by comparing and contrasting the global trading system of 50 years ago with its modern-day equivalent and its likely future counterpart half-a-century hence. In so doing, the paper throws into sharp relief not only the inadequacies of global trade governance today but also the damaging consequences of not fundamentally reforming the system in the near future, with a particular emphasis on the past, present and future development of the world’s poorest and most marginalised countries.     

Brexit: A Cliff Edge or a Small Bump in the Road?

It is becoming increasingly accepted, not least by the Prime Minister and opposition leadership, that the negotiation of a comprehensive trade relationship with the EU is necessary to prevent the UK economy falling off a ‘cliff edge’. This concern is shaping the UK's strategy towards negotiations with the EU and has provided at least part of the motivation for the UK to consider requesting a transition period to facilitate the Brexit process. But how accurate are these fears? What evidence is there for the existence of a ‘cliff edge’? How disastrous would it be for the UK to revert to trading with the EU on the same basis as most other countries in the world, namely according to World Trade Organisation rules? This article seeks to address these issues and it highlights a number of implications for policy makers which flow from understanding the available evidence a little more clearly.     

Trading in development: norms and institutions in the making/unmaking of European Union–African,Caribbean and Pacific trade and development cooperation

This paper offers a contribution to recent debates on European Union (EU) external trade and development policy, with a specific focus on the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group of countries. The question asked is why the EU encountered such difficulties in the attempt to translate its normative preferences for freer trade and closer economic integration into a series of binding agreements? Drawing on both economic constructivist and historical institutionalist insights, it is argued that the case for reform initially rested on a strong convergence between institutions and ideas, enabling the EU to discursively present desired policy reforms as necessary to satisfy World Trade Organisation trade rules. However, in due course, the institutional dynamics behind the latter began to diverge from the EU's policy preferences and blunt its norm-based argument – thus creating the space for transnational coalitions to, first, question and, ultimately, undermine aspects the EU's trade and development prospectus for the ACP.     

Challenging the European Union: the rising powers and the USA in the Doha Round

In this article, the challenges posed to the European Union's (EU) role in trade policy and its implications for development policy during the World Trade Organization's Doha Development Agenda, also known as the Doha round, are highlighted. The authors argue that transformed power relations have created a situation characterized by role uncertainty, for the emerging powers but also for the EU. Priorities among multiple possible roles – in the existing trade regime, in relation to the global South and in the ongoing negotiations – become subject to redefinition. For the EU, heavily wedded to a multilateralist and reformist mission because of its own history, this process is particularly difficult. The EU's traditional role conceptions as a leader and a benign partner to developing countries have been challenged and partly replaced by a more realist approach.     

谢榛诗学对严羽的超越及其时代意义

谢榛诗学是严羽诗学在明代最有力的续响 ,他把握到严羽诗学的大关键即诗道妙悟 ,对渐渐形式化的格调之说进行了深刻的改造。他拈悟入格、倡养以悟、定悟为兴 ,从悟的本体意义、实现途径、表现形式等方面 ,改造了格调之说 ,超越了妙悟之论。     

WTO对跨国公司限制竞争行为的规制与中国反垄断法的完善

GATT/WTO多边贸易规则弱化了政府管理、干预贸易与投资的权力,推动了跨国公司的发展与壮大。但跨国公司实施的固定价格、数量与分割市场、滥用市场支配地位等限制竞争的行为,不仅对东道国的经济秩序与消费者利益有消极影响,而且会形成新的市场准入壁垒,损害各方通过WTO谈判而取得的市场准入的期待利益。各方利益冲突致使短期内WTO不可能形成统一、有效的竞争规则。中国应密切关注WTO框架内竞争规则的讨论,力求制订符合国际发展潮流的竞争规则。针对在华跨国公司限制竞争行为的形式与特点,中国在反垄断立法、执法中应建立完善的价格预警机制、并购报批程序、区别措施、宽大政策、国际合作机制等。     

论WTO决策机制

WTO的决策机制是指WTO对有关事项诸如条文的解释、修改、义务的豁免以及接受新成员、贸易争端的解决等作出决定的机制。WTO的决策机制十分重要,因为它直接涉及到与这些事项相关的各成员的权利与义务。从WTO决策机制与国家主权、协商一致机制和投票表决机制三个方面进行了分析,并指出了WTO决策机制的缺陷与不足,旨在为WTO决策机制的改进与完善作出努力。     

不订立书面劳动合同应付二倍工资之诉讼时效探讨

通过分析《劳动合同法》第82条及相关法律条文的立法原意及其基本法理，可以认定“视为已订立无固定期限劳动合同”之日即是用人单位应当订立书面劳动合同的起始时间，劳动者主张二倍工资的诉讼时效从“视为已订立无固定期限劳动合同”之日起计算，也可以认定加倍支付的“工资”即为劳动报酬，诉讼时效从劳动合同终止之日起计算。这符合我国劳动立法的目的和基本价值。     

WTO协定中必要性检验适用上的竞合及解决

世界贸易组织许多协定都有必要性检验的规定，而某一措施可能会同时涉及两个或两个以上的协定，因而会出现必要性检验适用上的竞合。对这些必要性检验竞合应采取适当的途径予以具体解决。     

现行出入境管理法律冲突问题研究——以法律条文为分析对象

现行出入境管理法律制度存在诸多冲突问题,主要表现为与国际法之间的冲突问题,与宪法、立法法、行政处罚法及刑法等法律之间的冲突问题,与行政许可法、行政复议法、行政诉讼法等法律之间的冲突问题及出入境管理法律制度相互之间的冲突问题。要解决这些冲突,完善立法是关键。