Why Do Experienced Challengers Do Better than Amateurs?

Politically experienced challengers are more successful in seeking political office than amateurs. The relationship is found so regularly that political experience has become the standard ex ante indicator of challenger quality in studies of American elections. Despite this, little work has investigated why experienced challengers are so successful. Many scholars attribute the relationship to inherent differences between experienced challengers and amateurs: experienced challengers have stronger electoral skills and greater access to material resources. I argue that these differences play a role, but an indirect one. Rather, experienced challengers are lead by both their resource advantage and the high amount of risk they are exposed to in seeking office to run in races in which their party has a good chance of winning. Thus, the direct cause of the experienced challengers’ success is self-selection into winnable races. Empirical analysis supports the self-selection model over a model in which resources directly lead to success.

南宁现代农业与WTO

加入WTO对中国各地的农业都有影响 ,各地都应在了解WTO的规则的基础上 ,分析当地农业可能受到的冲击和应采取的对策 ,走一条现代农业之路     

烟草诉讼──中国烟草行业面临的新课题

在中国即将加入WTO之际,中国经济将进一步与国际经济接轨,国外的烟草诉讼势必对中国的烟草产业造成一定程度的影响。烟草诉讼在中国发生的可能性绝对不能说是没有的。作为中国烟草行业,应当居安思危,吸取国外的经验教训,提前做好预防和应对烟草诉讼发生的准备工作。     

加入世贸组织对中国证券业的影响及对策

随着中国加入世贸组织进程的加快,证券业的对外开放势在必行,而证券业的对外开放要服从于世贸组织的<服务贸易总协定>.纵观中国证券业对外开放的现状,其证券市场的规模、结构以及经营机构还不能满足世贸组织的要求.文章提出证券业对外开放须遵循适度开放,逐步到位,双方对等的基本原则.     

对中国证券业加入WTO面临问题的思考

中国加入 WT O后 ,证券业的开放是一种必然的趋势。面对这种状况 ,我国证券业应当采取的措施是 :加快金融改革 ,提高金融运行的市场化程度 ;逐步推进金融业的混业经营 ,提高经济证券化程度 ;大力培育较大规模证券经营机构 ;改革和完善证券市场的创新机制 ;建立有效的市场监管体系     

WTO视角下我国税收犯罪立法面临的挑战及发展态势

中国加入WTO,对现行税制的冲击无疑是巨大的.由此而引致的税收犯罪是新型的和复杂的.也使我国的税收犯罪立法面临着严峻的挑战.如何从容应对挑战并准确预测税收犯罪立法的发展态势,让刑法的公正内涵与保护外延,在WTO规则面前获得淋漓尽致的发挥,这是摆在法律工作者特别是刑事立法工作者面前的一项十分重要而又紧迫的任务.     

优惠原产地规则与WTO 多边贸易体制的冲突与协调--兼评中国的优惠原产地规则法律制度

在许多方面优惠原产地规则与WTO的原产地规则是相冲突的,从表面上来看,优惠原产地规则与WTO多边贸易体制存在种种冲突.而从优惠原产地规则的发展、优惠原产地规则与多边贸易体制实质上的关系及GATT1994的第24条等来看,优惠原产地规则与多边贸易体制是协调的.中国的优惠原产地规则的法律制度建设才刚刚起步,在运用中还存在这样那样的问题,这需要在优惠原产地规则的法律制度建设中明确我国优惠原产地规则立法和实施中的目的与原则.     

抢劫罪的若干问题

抢劫罪是一种严重侵犯我国刑法所保护的财产权利和人身权利的犯罪。以往实践中对抢劫罪相关问题的认识不一致,导致量刑上的巨大差异。最新的司法解释对抢劫罪的特征、既遂和未遂及加重情形中入户抢劫、“准抢劫”等问题给予了明确规定。     

从国际法角度论多边贸易自由化与国内公共健康政策的冲突和协调

WTO成员以公共健康为口号发起的贸易限制措施与各国在WTO下的贸易自由化的义务存在着冲突。GATT/WTO的有关规则和实践显示出多边贸易体制对国内公共健康政策的态度从“忽视”到“有条件肯定”的演变过程。具体来说,GATT时期的规则和争端解决实践不利于国内公共健康政策的实施,而WTO时期出现了有利于国内公共健康政策实施的变化。在WTO现行体制下,各国在实施为公共健康目标的贸易措施时,应符合特定目标的合法性、目标与手段的一致性、目标与手段的相称性等一般要求和相关的具体要求。     

The Governance of Cross-Border Data Flows in Trade Agreements: Is the Cptpp Framework an Ideal Way Out?

The regulations of cross-border data flows is a growing challenge for the international community. International trade agreements, however, appear to be pioneering legal methods to cope, as they have grappled with this issue since the 1990s. The World Trade Organization (WTO) rules system offers a partial solution under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which covers aspects related to cross-border data flows. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) have also been perceived to provide forward-looking resolutions. In this context, this article analyzes why a resolution to this issue may be illusory. While they regulate cross-border data flows in various ways, the structure and wording of exception articles of both the CPTPP and USMCA have the potential to pose significant challenges to the international legal system. The new system, attempting to weigh societal values and economic development, is imbalanced, often valuing free trade more than individual online privacy and cybersecurity. Furthermore, the inclusion of poison-pill clauses is, by nature, antithetical to cooperation. Thus, for the international community generally, and China in particular, cross-border data flows would best be regulated under the WTO-centered multilateral trade law system.