文学翻译学习中的语言运用问题

文学翻译不同于其它的非文学翻译，它是审美的翻译，它是对原作的真实再现，又是译者的创造性活动。再现原文，靠得是语言，而语言问题又是翻译文学作品的一大难题。文学翻译要把握住原作语言的特色和节奏，在理解原文的基础上力求语言生动、准确。     

Avoidance and appropriation in Bishkek: dealing with time,space and urbanity in Kyrgyzstan's capital

ABSTRACT

Much has changed since Frunze was renamed Bishkek in 1991 and became the capital of independent Kyrgyzstan. Though it was once considered to be among the ‘greenest’ and most ‘orderly’ cities of the Soviet Union, today many of its long-term residents complain about the new settlements (novostroiki) that have emerged during the last two decades. To Bishkek's urbanites, the recent arrival of migrants is not associated with an escape from rural poverty and a rightful struggle for civic rights, but indicates a massive cultural and aesthetic degradation of familiar urban life. In this article, beyond contesting narratives of cosmopolitan nostalgia vs. legitimate belonging, I investigate how urban practitioners in fact produce and deal with different spaces in the city. My ethnographic accounts not only identify social avoidance as an essential pulse of Bishkek's current rhythm, but also illustrate that after a period of post-rural socialization previously stigmatized migrants may manage to smoothly blend into urban spatial flows and lifestyles.     

Elizabeth and Her Mountain Garden

Abstract

In this essay the author suggests that Elizabeth von Arnim’s anonymous novel In the Mountains (1920) can be regarded as a modernist work, and is best understood in this context. The author indicates why von Arnim was intellectually and spiritually ready to develop her writing along these lines in the post-First World War era. This novel, like von Arnim’s early works—Elizabeth and Her German Garden (1898) and The Solitary Summer (1899 Arnim, Elizabeth von (1899), The Solitary Summer, London: Macmillan. [Google Scholar])—is written in the form of a journal; the title, also like those of her early works, points to a symbolic setting derived from nature. However, the narrator of In the Mountains no longer appears as ‘Elizabeth’, but remains mysteriously and completely anonymous. This device, together with von Arnim’s stylistically innovative use of structures and motifs derived from nature and music, as well as her manipulation of time, perception and memory, demonstrates her unique approach to modern writing in this novel, inviting comparison with contemporary works by Virginia Woolf and Katherine Mansfield.     

浅谈公安院校学生英语语音节奏与韵律能力的培养

语音教学是英语教学的起点。因受母语和方言等因素干扰,公安院校部分学生缺乏良好的发音习惯,从而影响到实际语言交际。如果采用带有节奏、韵律特点的诗歌、歌谣、歌曲等语言材料辅助语音教学,纠正学生某些顽固的错误发音,尤其重视学生语调和节奏能力的培养,将有助于学生形成良好的发音习惯,为其正确的口语交际表达打好基础。     

重复与隐喻 架构与节奏——浅谈莫言长篇小说《蛙》的写作技法

文学写作作为作者使用文学语言描述艺术形象、表达思想情感的一种创造性的审美心智活动,不仅具有富含感性特征、典型化描摹等共性特点,同时还具有更多私人经验。以2012年诺贝尔文学奖得主莫言的长篇小说《蛙》为例进行分析发现,其从确立故事主题到筛选人物关系、扩展推进情节的各环节中,以"重复"的方式不断丰富故事架构,进而用隐喻等方式严格控制小说节奏,从而带给人震撼性的阅读体验。     

电针"脾俞"对胃窦部溃疡大鼠胃肠平滑肌电活动的干预作用及其机制探讨

目的：观察电针“脾俞”对胃窦部溃疡大鼠胃肠平滑肌电活动的影响，并探讨其作用机制。方法：采用冰醋酸损伤法复制急性胃窦部溃疡动物模型；分别植入记录电极于肾上腺交感神经、胃窦部、十二指肠和大肠；用RM-86多导生理记录仪和SMUP计算机软件分析系统，同步记录胃窦部溃疡模型大鼠针刺“脾俞”前后胃肠平滑肌电活动和心率变异性(HRV)动态变化曲线、肾上腺交感神经放电情况。结果：电针刺激“脾俞”后，胃肠平滑肌电活动抑制，LF／HF比值上升至0.99，肾上腺交感神经放电活动频率上升。结论：低频疏密波刺激“脾俞”，可使急性胃窦部溃疡大鼠自主神经系统重新建立动态平衡，并与肾上腺内分泌活动共同参与针刺调整消化道运动功能。     

优美的音乐形式,丰富的主题内涵——英诗的艺术美赏析

英诗是一座知识的宝库，也是一门美的艺术。作为美的艺术，英诗能给我们带来快乐；作为知识的源泉，英诗能给我们增添才智。英诗涉及的主题非常广，其功用多种多样。它的知识含量丰富，又是多种情感和想象力的反映。诗人提供给我们的是如何看待生活和解决问题的方式。它还有优美动人的旋律，甚至能谱曲歌唱，悦耳动听。朗读或背诵诗歌能得到音乐美的熏陶，是一种真正的艺术享受。因此，英诗能给予我们无穷的智慧和快乐。     

Reproductive behaviour in the Lutheran urban family from historical Poland (the Parish of St. Peter from Poznań, the second half of the nineteenth century)

Fertility and reproductive behaviour in the nineteenth-century Lutheran family from the city of Poznań was characterized. Use was made of the St. Peter parish (Peterkirche) registers from 1840s to 1870s, upon which reconstructions of the individual histories of 463 families were based. Fertility was assessed on the basis of the length of between-birth intervals according to their order and age of women. Next, the age-specific fertility rates of women f_x and Coale Index of marital fertility I_g were calculated. From a seasonal rhythm of both marital and illegitimate births, and reconstructed on the basis of these, the annual rhythm of marital and prenuptial conceptions were characterized. In the Lutheran Parish of St. Peter from the city of Poznań illegitimate births and prenuptial conceptions accounted for almost 10% and over 5% of all births, respectively. Lack of seasonality for marital births was noted here. Illegitimate births, by contrast, were characterized by a statistically significant annual rhythm: their maximum was noted in April, which was a result of conceptions during summer. The average woman with completed reproduction cycle gave birth to the first and to the last child at the ages of 29 and 40 years, respectively. She therefore used 32% of her whole reproductive period. Late age of birth of the first child was associated with late age of marriage of women (on average 28 years). An average woman with completed reproduction gave birth to 4.8 children. The average length of the protogenesic interval was 18 months. The highest fertility occurred in women aged between 20 to 29 years. The value of the I_g index was 0.67, and proved a lack of birth control rather than conscious birth regulation. Generally, Lutheran women from Poznań were characterized by fairly high reproductive potential.     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血压结构、夜间睡眠结构的相关性

目的 运用基于时辰的心肺耦合（cardiopulmonary coupling,CPC）睡眠监测技术探讨睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（sleep apnea syndrome,SAS）患者血压结构及夜间睡眠结构的相关性。方法 纳入因睡眠问题就诊的92例患者,采用基于时辰的CPC监测仪和24 h动态血压（ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,ABPM）监测仪,进行同步监测,采集相关数据。根据CPC计算的呼吸紊乱指数（respiratory disturbance index,RDI）,将患者分为非SAS组23例,SAS组69例,分析两组间血压、夜间睡眠结构的差异;并比较不同程度SAS患者血压、夜间睡眠结构的差异;以及SAS患者RDI与夜间子、丑、寅时睡眠结构的相关性。结果 ①SAS组高血压患病率、异常血压节律发生率明显增高;且初入熟睡时间较长,熟睡时间减少,浅睡时间增多。②轻、中、重度SAS患者夜间睡眠结构差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。③不同程度SAS患者与夜间子、丑、寅时睡眠结构存在部分差异,进一步线性回归分析发现,SAS患者RDI与子时、寅时浅睡眠时间呈正相关。结论 SAS患者高血压患病率、异常血压节律发生率高,存在夜间睡眠结构紊乱;不同程度SAS患者间血压结构差异不明显,睡眠结构的主要差异在于不稳定睡眠增多,而稳定睡眠减少,且SAS严重程度与子、寅时浅睡时间呈正相关。