废除死刑是历史的必然

死刑制度是一项古老的刑罚制度,也是当今世界多数国家刑罚体系中的重要刑种,然而随着死刑制度的种种弊端的不断出现,人们开始逐渐要求废除死刑,因而对死刑产生发展历史、死刑废除的原因及死刑废除过程中的障碍进行必要的研究,对于推进世界废除死刑的运动和我国死刑的废除有着积极的意义。     

新刑事法律溯及力范围比较研究

从世界范围看,有利行为人的新刑事法律溯及范围在立法上有三种模式溯及以前的所有行为;排除犯罪性的法律溯及以前的所有行为,其他法律只溯及未经判决或判决未确定的行为;溯及以前未经判决或判决未确定的行为.我国刑法的规定属于第三种模式.我国刑法的规定在犯罪与刑罚方面都会产生不公正的结果,特别涉及到死刑的时候;而且我国的规定与即将加入的国际人权公约有冲突,与采用相同模式的其他国家也存在很大差距.建议对我国刑法第12条第2款进行修订.     

Intellectual property laws integrated with the national development policies in China

As a developing country, China has been pressured by the developed countries to increase the levels of intellectual property (IP) protection and to adopt IP rules that even go beyond the minimum international standards. IP regimes are established to promote advances in science and culture by rewarding creation and invention. However, developing countries do not necessarily appropriately share the benefits from the harmonization of IP protection standards over the world. Fortunately, not every developed country or international organization is concerned only with its own interest when evaluating the tendency of international IP protection policies. In fact, they have made many studies or findings in favor of the concerns and interests of developing countries. This paper investigates the conflicts between IP rights and human rights, as well as the validity of IP laws under constitutional arguments, with the purpose of providing new strategic policy arguments in China’s future amendments to IP laws, and related negotiations with developed countries. __________ Translated from Faxue Yanjiu 法学研究 (Law Research), 2005, (6): 105–115     

从臣民到公民：角色转换界及其生成与发展

臣民与公民的本质区分并不在于是否拥有法律文本意义上的权利 ,也不完全在于实际权利的是否享有 ,关键在于是否具有自觉、理性、强烈、持久的权利意识。在由臣民向公民的角色转换中 ,启动与推进因素只能是权利和权利意识 ,而不可能是义务和规范意识。权利意识的生成与发展既需要现实生活中享有权利的激活与滋养 ,也需要权利思想启蒙 ,有时后者更重要。两者共同作用便可促进角色转换 ,完成向真正公民社会的过渡     

论社会权的可裁判性

社会权是否可以交由司法判断,这在各国理论界都存在种种争议。大体上,反对司法裁判社会权主要出自于分权考量、民主考量、公共政策考量以及社会权的不确定性等。尽管如此,在以南非为代表的很多国家开始了司法裁判社会权的积极尝试。这些初步经验,可以为我国社会权的保障提供若干借鉴意义。     

论刑事诉讼中的沉默权

沉默权是无罪推定原则的重要内容。在刑事诉讼中,告知犯罪嫌疑人、被告人沉默权已成为国际社会的一种共识。沉默权最突出的优点是有利于防止刑讯逼供,它是司法文明的标志,也是司法程序正义的必然要求。随着社会文明程度的进一步提高,我国现行刑事诉讼法规定的“拒绝回答权”与“沉默权”接轨的日期已不会很遥远了。     

相对集中行政处罚权制度之评析

相对集中行政处罚权制度的初衷是要遏制日益膨胀的行政处罚权,消除执法扰民现象,而实际执行的情况却是大相径庭。可以说该制度从设立之初,就已暴露出弊端。作者从理论和实践两个层面对该制度的合法性与合理性进行质疑,并提出了如何有效制约行政执法的建设性意见。     

法行为的性质

法行为是法所要规范的核心内容,但对法行为的认识在法学界一直存在着争议,特别是在当代混合社会和信息社会条件下,这种争议的条件已经发生了较大的变化。这时,重新认识法行为的性质,使其摆脱传统法律思想的束缚而面对现实,对当代立法和司法具有重要的指导意义。特别是我国正处于一个建立和完善社会主义法律体系时期,这一研究就显得更加重要。法行为实质上是一种权利义务(权力职责)的统一。     

Talking of gender: words and meanings in development organisations

This article reflects on the vocabulary commonly used within development organisations to communicate about ‘gender and development’. It argues that the relevant terminology, though frequently used, remains problematic. Some terms are almost entirely absent, while others are used loosely and inappropriately – with the subtleties of carefully developed and much-debated concepts often lost. Terms such as ‘empowerment’, ‘gender’, and ‘gender mainstreaming’ which originated in feminist thinking and activism have lost their moorings and become depoliticised. Despite these problems, there are indications that debates and language may be taking a more radical turn with the acknowledgement of the shortcomings of the practices of gender mainstreaming, the deepening of interest in the notion of empowerment, and the explicit adoption of a human-rights language.     

NGOs and the dynamics of the Egyptian labour market

This article discusses the role that NGOs play, not in their traditional role as service providers, but as employers in the Egyptian labour market. Over the past two decades, NGOs have been offering attractive job opportunities to middle-class professionals who are disillusioned with the private sector and no longer interested in joining the state bureaucracy. The working conditions of the growing number of NGO employees, and NGOs' performance as employers, have not been investigated in the substantial academic and policy literature on NGOs, which so far has been almost exclusively concerned with NGOs' relationships with their ‘beneficiaries’, rather with than with their position as active players in a changing labour market.