What is a Fair Trial? Rape Prosecutions, Disclosure and the Human Rights Act

This article engages with the vogue for predicting the effects of the Human Rights Act 1998 by focusing on the rape prosecution and trial. The specific interest is feminist scrutiny of the right to a fair trial, particularly the concept of ‘fairness’, in light of the increasing use of disclosure rules (in Canada and England) to gain access to medical and counseling records. Transcending the two contemporary narratives of ‘victims’/women’s rights and defendants’ rights in the criminal justice system, the authors argue for the infusion of the legal debate on disclosure with feminist understandings of wider cultural debates. They suggest that an increased reflexivity about intimacy, publicity and power, leading perhaps to the development of a concept of ‘democratic publicity’ (Fraser, 1997, p. 100), might help to revision the meaning of ‘relevant’ evidence in the rape trial. They also suggest that the wide-ranging cultural debate about memory, truth and history, and the emerging commitment to experimentation in responding to massive, institutionalised human rights violations (including apartheid, war crimes and child abuse) might be of use in deepening current thinking about the rape trial and listening to the ‘voice’ of the complainant. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

对"知假买假"者索赔问题的法律思考

、近几年，对“知假买假”索赔；有的地方法院予以支持，有的地方法院则不予支持。产生这种现象的根本原因是我国《消费权益保护法》中的有关“消费”基本法律特征的规定，使人们对“知假买假”的“消费”身份产生歧义。所以，应尽快修改《消法》，以明确“消费”的身份。“知假买假”作为“消费”应该是确定无疑的，理应受到法律的保护，而“卖假”的行为具有严重的社会危害性和违法性，理应受到法律的制度。支持“知假买假”索赔可以刺激和鼓励广大消费与不法销售作斗争，制栽和惩罚销售假冒伪劣产品的不法行为人，从而有效地遏制生产、售销假冒伪劣产品的行为，通过强化对消费的保护，维护消费权益，最终还可以起到净化市场的积极作用。     

论法国民法典的宪法化

《法国民法典》具有极为崇高的地位,为形成和维系大革命以来的法兰西社会提供了重要的法律基础。但20世纪80年代以来,法国宪法法院通过合宪性审查不断使民法典受到宪法规范的约束、辐射和渗透,实现了路易·法沃赫教授所说的“宪法化”。30余年的宪法化进程使民法与宪法的关系进入了一种规范语境,民法典在规范上已经受到宪法的切实约束,同时,民法典作为“真正宪典”的社会作用也逐渐被人权宣言所取代。在探讨民法与宪法的关系时,“民法典是真正宪典”这一社会学命题不应错误地扩大到规范领域,更不能不顾时代变迁,忽视宪法化的时代背景。     

Trámite legal para el pago de obligaciones pecuniarias impuestas al estado colombiano en decisiones sobre derechos humanos y derecho internacional humanitario

This article is one of the research results of the project “Impact of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights case law on Latin American High Courts rulings. Study about Brazil, Mexico and Colombia”. The author indicates how the Colombian State was seen compelled to send off a Law in the year 1996, through which, receiving a special procedure, he is included inside his internal code the guarantee of not repetition as mechanism of application of the decisions in matter of human rights and international human law in said country.     

Protección de los recursos genéticos de los pueblos indígenas en los sistemas universal e interamericano de derechos humanos

This article shows the current state of protection of genetic resources of indigenous peoples in the context of international human rights. The analysis is justified because international law, regional and international on access to genetic resources of indigenous peoples is insufficient, poor and in some cases, nonexistent. The protection of genetic resources in relation to indigenous peoples has special connotations according to its own system of human rights of these peoples, so that it seeks to investigate whether international law of human rights takes into account these ethnic particularities. In this sense, a characterization of universal and inter-American system related to genetic resources in order to identify gaps and challenges of these systems.     

生态文明诉求下的法律制度“绿色化”论纲

以法律形式推进生态文明建设，需要法律进行革新，向绿色化、生态化变革。以适应生态文明建设需求，适应保护环境的要求。这一变革既为生态文明所诉求，也将保障生态文明建设。构建法律的生态文明观，其公平观要从代内公平向代际公平嬗变，其效益观要从经济效益到经济效益、社会效益、生态效益相统一嬗变，其秩序观要从人类中心主义向生态主义嬗变。宪法中需创设环境权，确立可持续发展战略的宪法地位；刑法中重新界定环境犯罪，在惩治危害环境罪的立法中规定举动犯和危险犯；承认自然资源的财产价值和所有权；将环境保护纳入经济和社会发展规划、计划、各项政策和措施，建设绿色税制；构建环境公益诉讼制度。     

Development in motion: what to think about migration?

Recent interest in migrant remittances as a development resource calls attention to a deeper issue: the relationship between migration and development. Remittances may be a significant source of economic inflows to poor countries and regions, but their actual development impact (positive or negative) is tied to the migration processes that generate them. Attention to migration in turn creates an opportunity to think about the broader context of development policy and practice, and to re-think the boundaries that we put around our work.     

试论《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》中的健康权

《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》的健康权是一个综合性的概念，它指实现身体健康和心理健康的权利和自由。健康权具有多重性质，保护和实现健康权，必须考虑社会、经济生活因素和其他影响健康权实现的诸多因素。健康权与公民权利和政治权利之间存在密切的关系。     

The Open Architecture of European Human Rights Law

The evolution of the European human rights regime is often described as the development of an integrated order with the European Convention of Human Rights as its governing 'constitutional instrument'. It is argued that the regime is better regarded as pluralist - characterised by a heterarchical relationship between its constituent parts that is ultimately defined politically and not legally. The emergence and workings of this pluralist order are traced through the interaction of the European Court of Human Rights with domestic courts in the European Union. These cases not only show conflicts over questions of ultimate supremacy but also significant convergence and harmony in practice. The analysis of the factors leading to this convergence indicates that central characteristics of pluralism – incrementalism and the openness of ultimate authority – have contributed significantly to the generally smooth evolution of the European human rights regime. This suggests a broader appeal of pluralist models as alternatives to constitutionalism in the construction of postnational authority and law.