MEDICALLY ASSISTED HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (ART) AND HUMAN RIGHTS — THE EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE

The present article examines how the progress of science, and in particular, medically assisted human reproductive technologies (ART) have provoked a revolution in the sphere of family relations, generating a series of ethical and legal conflicts. The article focuses on the European perspective, without ignoring the international sphere, given the globalization of the phenomenon. The emerging legal issues are analyzed through the filter of international human rights, not only an important aspect to take into consideration in the context of bioethics in general, but a “passage obligé” given that certain concepts find their explanation and coordinates in international human rights law. It is from this perspective that the relationship between ART and human rights is presented. The applicable international and European legal instruments and principles shall be mentioned, as well as a brief comparison of national legal frameworks in Europe. The emerging bioethical and legal issues are examined in correlation with the response of the European Court of Human Rights through its case law aimed at balancing conflicting rights when faced with issues pertaining to ART. Lastly, the article presents in more detail the particular legal issues under debate in France and Italy, two European countries with specific legislation in the field.     

强硬立法应对暴力袭警问题探析

暴力袭警是当前我国面临的一个重要问题,暴力袭警是指人民警察在依法执行公务的过程中,民众公然向民警侮辱、挑衅、示威、施暴等各种阻碍警察职务的不法行为,暴力袭警频发的因素有:法制因素、公众因素、公安机关内部因素和民警自身因素,笔者认为公安机关应适应社会形势变化,通过借鉴西方警察权益保障机制机会,强硬立法,规范警察维权组织等举措应对袭警。     

论我国监狱制度下罪犯的适当生活水准权——以国际人权公约为视角

适当生活水准权作为国际人权公约规定的一项基本人权,具有丰富的内涵和其自身的特殊性.在我国监狱制度下,罪犯享有适当生活水准权是不断提高的.同时,我们要努力完善监狱制度,进一步改善监狱设施,加强监狱法制建设,使罪犯权利的保护符合国际人权公约的要求.     

Unveiling The Headscarf Debate

In March 2004 the French parliament controversially adopted legislation regulating the wearing of symbols indicating religious affiliation in public educational establishments. This note discusses several features of the new law indicating its origins, its rationale and its position within French constitutional discourse on religious freedom and secularity. It is based on a panel discussion held in April 2004 within the Gender Studies Programme at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Florence. Placing the French legislative initiative in the context of recent developments in national and European case law (suggesting clear limitations to freedom of religion), the note explores the complexity of issues of gender, identity and difference in the present debate, especially when considered in the light of reactions to the law in Islamic countries.     

知识产权非理性扩张的一种认知模式

本文首先描述了在以美国等发达国家的极力鼓噪下知识产权非理性扩张的一般图像,在此基础上,笔者从知识产权制度与所有权制度哲学理念之差的视角切入,对知识产权制度的非正常发展进行了剖析和解读.文章认为,正是我们把所有权制度的基本理念错误地嫁接到知识产权制度上,才导致了今天知识产权制度的失范.基于前面的分析,文章还对中国究竟应制定物权法还是制定财产的基本法展开了探讨,文章的结论是我们应当制定财产的基本法,这有利于我们纯化知识产权制度和所有权制度这两套各别的制度系统,使二者在其自在自为的世界里获得健康和正常的发展.     

从佘祥林案谈公安执法工作中的人权保障

据现有材料,不能排除公安机关在佘案办理中存在严重侵权行为。公安执法工作中侵犯人权的问题屡屡发生,有执法思想偏离本源、法律法规尚不完善、执法定势难以纠正、执法监督存在缺位等原因。公安执法要加强人权保障,必须牢固树立“尊重和保障人权”的理念,形成合理的执法观念,完善并严格执行相关法律法规,更新执法思维、行为模式,切实加强执法监督。     

中国少数民族人权述评——基于政治权利的角度

中国少数民族人权从主体的角度包括集体人权和个体人权;其中基本的政治权利是人权的重要组成部分;少数民族人权的实现程度在一定程度上取决于人们对于基本政治权利内涵的理解和制度理性设计。     

知识产权预警机制及政府在其中主导地位之分析

知识产权预警机制是指能够灵敏、准确地昭示有关知识产权方面的风险前兆,并能及时提供相应警示的机构、制度、网络、举措等构成的预警系统.其在当前世界各国将知识产权作为一种新贸易壁垒、中国企业在海外纷纷涉诉的情形之下具有极其重要之意义,以中国政府为主导建立知识产权预警机制具有较大的可能性与可行性.     

Why Human Rights Should Matter to Conservatives

In a speech given to the University of London's Constitution Unit and Judicial Institute on 3 December 2014, the Rt Hon Dominic Grieve QC MP challenged Conservatives to think carefully about the party's proposal to break the link between British courts and the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. Grieve recalled why the United Kingdom signed the Convention in the first place and, although recognising that the Court's approach has been on occasion properly criticised and may present difficulties, argued that the reforms embodied in the Brighton Declaration 2012 are bearing fruit. He provided a critical exposition of the Conservative paper ‘Protecting Human Rights in the UK: the Conservatives’ Proposals for changing Britain's Human Rights Laws’ (October 2014) and concluded that Conservatives should want to remain within the jurisdiction of the ECHR to maintain and ensure the Court's effectiveness and continued viability.     

婚内有奸：基于法学视角的思考——兼与张明楷教授商榷

宪法和婚姻法规定夫妻双方权利平等,意味着性权利平等,妻子享有性自由权。警从刑法典自身、立法解释、司法解释和我国法律体系的和谐来看,刑法236条没有排除妻子为强奸罪的犯罪对象。否认婚内有奸,不符合犯罪的认定标准、不符合立法的逻辑、不利于降低社会成本和代价、不利于保护少年的身心健康。“婚内有奸”并非是惩罚丈夫的工具,而是妻子合法权益的证明。