Human Rights in the Public Sector

This article examines how universal human rights have been given practical effect in the UK through the Human Rights Act. It focusses on the role of human rights in public services and using the duty placed on public officials as a lever to bring about positive change.     

How to Advance Social Rights without Jeopardising the Human Rights Act 1998

When the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted, governments grasped that human rights are needed as safeguards, not only against authoritarianism but also against the causes of authoritarianism. For this reason, the UDHR encompasses civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. This holistic vision of human rights was obscured during the Cold War and more recently by economic neo‐liberalism. The UK government neglects social rights, which have a very low public profile, although there is evidence that the profile of these human rights is increasing. UK domestic law and practice is inconsistent with the holistic vision of human rights and the government's binding international social rights obligations. The UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights recommends that the UK provides for ‘the legislative recognition of social rights’ which can be approached in various ways. One way is to proceed social right by social right (for example, the rights to housing, health and education), and sector by sector (for example, the sectors of housing, health and education). This administrative law approach advances explicit social rights without implicating or jeopardising the Human Rights Act 1998.     

Human Rights in Policing: The Past,Present and Future

This article seeks to demonstrate, largely from practitioners’ perspectives, the growing evolution in understanding and implementation of meaningful human rights standards within the policing context. In the early 2000s, human rights were perceived and treated as a rather restrictive framework in UK policing. They are now more readily seen as a set of tools that guide and help the police to balance the views and interests of all parties to the criminal justice process. Human rights values enable police in the UK to better endeavour to do the right thing, ‘without fear or favour’.     

论著作权法的范式转换 从“权利”到“行为规制”

现行著作权法条文的构造具有浓厚的自然权理论色彩,重视对著作人身权的保护,且在处理著作财产权时拘泥于物权构造。静态思维的权利范式缺乏体系化思维,将著作权误解为对作品这一无体"物"享有的权利。然而,著作权的本质是行为规制,其对私人行动自由的限制程度较高。因此,著作权法的思维方式也需要从静态思维的权利范式转向动态思维的行为规制范式。动态思维的行为规制范式,既可以纠正政策形成过程中的利益倾斜问题,也可以弥补著作权法条文与使用者普遍认知之间的偏差。     

论当前消费者权益保护的立法缺陷

1993年颁布的《消费者权益保护法》为消费者合法权益的保护提供了强有力的保障。但15年过去了,《消费者权益保护法》因受制于制定时的经济发展水平和消费环境,存在的一些缺陷与不足日益显现。因此,进一步充实和完善维护消费者权益的相关法律法规迫在眉睫。     

论中国公民海外权益保护权—以利比亚撤侨为视角

中国公民海外权益保护权是中国公民在海外依法享有的一项宪法基本权利,有自己独立的特征。党和国家一贯重视保护中国公民在海外的正当权益,并不断加大保护力度,尤其体现在利比亚大撤侨的全过程中。保护海外中国公民权益,是我国国家性质、国家主权属性的内在要求,也是我们党的执政理念和维护人权的法治精神的重要体现。当然,保护海外中国公民合法权益工作还存在一些不足,值得我们认真总结和反思。     

反思与重构:非物质文化遗产资源司法保护的知识产权路径探究

本文试以非物质文化遗产资源的知识产权保护路径为视角,首先从域内外的判例入手展开实证解读,梳理司法实践中权利保护的现实困境;其次以非遗资源与知识产权内在属性的冲突、价值理念的弥合及保护机制的协调为着眼点,追溯非遗资源知识产权司法保护的理论根源;在此基础上从不同层面研究现存问题并提出完善对策,主要着眼于理念层面的价值构建与实践层面的争议思考,主张从价值层面平衡多元利益,呵护原创制度本旨;从理念层面倡导合作共赢,完善原始权利保障;从制度层面强调分类施策,区分智力成果类型;从实践层面注重完善机制,优化司法规则设计。以期对于深化非遗资源保护,优化创新驱动发展战略,并完善法治化营商环境有所裨益。     

论个人信息保护的行政规制路径

个人信息保护存在私法诉讼与行政规制两种主要路径,私法诉讼多以侵权之诉的形式展开。由于个人信息处理者与信息主体的地位失衡,信息主体举证困难,维权难度高;由于损害难以界定,诉讼存在成本与收益不均衡的激励困境;同时,个别性的诉讼也难以有效回应系统性的社会风险。行政规制路径以基本权利的国家保护义务作为法权基础,在专业性、信息充分程度、治理效率等方面具有比较优势。个人信息保护立法应当更妥善地处理两种路径的协调。未来个人信息保护的行政规制路径需要进一步明确规制体制,充分运用行政处罚、自我规制、内部管理型规制、第三方规制等多元化的规制机制。     

论未来电影版权质押权的设定

一部文学作品在创作过程中需要投入巨大人力物力,其创作周期也是十分漫长,特别是商业电影,其经济效益体现在电影发行上映。因此,拍摄中的电影的价值是模糊的,不过是可期待的。当今社会,拍摄中的电影日益表现出一种期待利益,并成为融资的一项重要手段。     

有限处置以平衡维权与维稳——警察处置维权型群体性事件方式的斗鸡博弈分析

维权型群体性事件是弱势群体为维护切身利益、避免或挽回损失的利益表达方式,正因如此,警察对此类事件的处置方式会对弱势群体的权益维护、警察形象、社会舆论评价等诸多方面产生影响。警察与维权民众的行为互动和斗鸡博弈在逻辑上是相通的,通过斗鸡博弈的原理分析,得出结论:警察对事件强行处置是不可取的,要么民众诉求受到压制,要么暴力冲突升级,警察难以成为最终的胜利者;警察应对事件有限处置,即警察实现与维权民众的合作,在共同利益基础上与民众达成合作共识,寻求维权与维稳的平衡。