安南联合国改革报告评析

安南秘书长2005年3月21日提出的题为《大自由:实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权》的改革报告,试图为联合国应对新世纪国际和平与安全面临的威胁“建立一个全球合作和具体行动的新时代的蓝图”。报告提出了不少新的概念和建议,但主要反映美国为首的西方大国的观点和主张。从各方反应看,各国对报告的分歧意见和提出的问题很多,主要集中在7个方面:什么是当前世界面临的主要威胁、把所谓“集体保护的责任”作为“新的(国际)规范”问题、使用武力的合法性标准问题、防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散问题、恐怖主义定义问题、设立小规模的人权理事会问题和安理会改革问题。     

刑事诉讼法再修改的理性思考

刑事诉讼法的修改,应确立以下几种理念:刑事诉讼法的直接目的为发现真实与保障人权;诉讼模式应以职权主义为基础,融合当事人主义的一些做法;扩大司法参与;确立程序本位和国际优位的思想。     

Remanding Women in Custody: Concerns for Human Rights

Concern about the increasing population of women in prison has tended to focus on the sentencing of female offenders. It is often overlooked that about one in five women held in custody is there on remand, awaiting trial or sentence, and that most of them will not receive a prison sentence at the end of the process. This article examines the legal grounds for a custodial remand and explores the extent to which individual rights guaranteed under the European Convention are adequately protected. It is argued that women are particularly disadvantaged by the laws governing bail and by their practical application in the criminal justice system; and that the pre-trial detention of so many women routinely violates the spirit of the Convention by allowing questionable claims to social utility to prevail over the right to liberty and to a fair trial.     

TRIPS-Plus Free Trade Agreements and Access to Medicines

The battle over access to essential medicines revolves around the rights to issue compulsory licenses and to manufacture and export generic versions of brand name drugs to expand access. Global brand name pharmaceutical firms have sought to ration access to medicines and have used their economic and political clout to shape United States trade policy. They have succeeded in getting extremely restrictive TRIPS-Plus, and even US-Plus, intellectual property provisions into regional and bilateral free trade agreements. Asymmetrical power relations continue to shape intellectual property policy, reducing the amount of leeway that poorer and/or weaker states have in devising regulatory approaches that are most suitable for their individual needs and stages of development. While the overall trend is disturbing, some recent activities in the World Health Organization and evidence of greater unity behind health-based TRIPs flexibilities provide some grounds for cautious optimism.     

警察执法与人权保障关系论

人权是警察执法的现实保护对象;保障人权是警察执法的终极目标;保障人权是警察执法工作的助推剂。     

理性地对待主权——从李道刚先生的《欧洲：从民族国家到法的共同体》谈起

主权问题是中国近百年来在国家政制建设方面一个十分重要而且十分敏感的问题,但不能否认的是,随着全球化时代的来临,主权问题已经受到严重挑战.文章围绕李道刚先生的著作《欧洲:从民族国家到法的共同体》反思了主权理论的建构过程及解构过程的必然性,并指出,对当代中国而言,主权问题固然重要,但它不是绝对的,我们一定要理性的对待它.     

学生诉讼权宪法保障问题思考——以美国斯坦福大学《学生司法宪章》为例

斯坦福大学《学生司法宪章》在校园司法工作中，一方面始终将受指控学生的诉讼权利保护置于首位，另一方面又充分尊重了学生的诉讼参与权。《学生司法宪章》不仅为受指控学生制定了十方面共二十二项诉讼权利，也为司法过程中的其他诉讼参加人规定了七个方面共十四项诉讼权利，而且这些权利设定都以美国宪法《权利法案》为基础，通过这些逻辑严密的诉讼程序充分保障亍学生的诉讼权利，也体现了权利平等、正当程序、人民主权的宪政思想。     

WTO框架下完善我国知识产权滥用规制制度的若干思考

防止滥用知识产权是WTO框架下的TRIPs协议确立的一项基本原则。我国对于知识产权滥用的规制既要充分利用TRIPs给予成员的立法空间,又要符合TRIPs协议的要求。我们应该就TRIPs协议中已经规定的对限制竞争行为的禁止、专利强制许可、滥用知识产权执法程序等几个方面来建立和完善规制知识产权滥用的制度,以全面履行TRIPs协议。     

“民工荒”问题新思考

在劳动力资源极为丰富的中国,东南沿海地区的劳动密集型行业竟然出现了“民工荒”现象。这虽出人意料,但又有其制度因素、企业因素、农民工自身及支农政策等方面的原因。这一现象严重地影响了我国经济社会的快速发展。运用发展经济学理论分析这一现象,结果显示:转变政府职能、企业进行转型或转移、创造良好的制度环境、使农民工享受市民待遇是缓解“民工荒”问题的重要举措。     

Human Rights in Policing: The Past,Present and Future

This article seeks to demonstrate, largely from practitioners’ perspectives, the growing evolution in understanding and implementation of meaningful human rights standards within the policing context. In the early 2000s, human rights were perceived and treated as a rather restrictive framework in UK policing. They are now more readily seen as a set of tools that guide and help the police to balance the views and interests of all parties to the criminal justice process. Human rights values enable police in the UK to better endeavour to do the right thing, ‘without fear or favour’.