限制的限制:德国基本权利限制模式的内在机理

与其它国家宪法的概括规定方式不同,德国《基本法》将对基本权利的限制放在各项基本权利条款中进行差异性处理,这种差异性处理通过对法律保留的不同规定而达成。作为重要补充,《基本法》又在基本权利一章的结尾处对各基本权利条款中涉及的法律保留本身作了一般性限制。这样的限定模式,与其说是对基本权利的限制,不如说是对限制的限制。在此意义上,德国《基本法》在基本权利规范的理性设计与保障人权目标实现之间的关联上,提供了一种立法经验示范。     

论患者知情同意权的行使与紧急救治的关系

随着公众观念的转变和法律意识的增强,医患之间的冲突已成为当今社会的一个突出矛盾。医疗纠纷多与患者知情同意权有关,在对患者知情同意权详细了解的基础上,重点分析紧急情况下患者的知情同意权与医生紧急救治措施实施之间的冲突,以期寻找到合理解决之道。     

搬迁移民权益法律保障研究——以“河北省桃林口水库”搬迁移民为视角

众多水利工程的修建带来了大量的移民,移民生活水平随着搬迁活动及生活环境的改变而下降许多,导致移民贫困化。为了保护移民利益、构建社会和谐,必须调高现有的移民补偿标准,加强移民资金管理,建立开发性移民扶持政策,构建完善的移民经济、政治、文化、社会生活权益保障体系,保证移民能够安居乐业。     

行政执法责任制立法面向问题研究——以北京等十一省、市地方政府规章为分析样本

检视北京等十一省、市行政执法责任制度建构的立法文本,力求梳理地方立法在行政执法责任制度建构中涉及的立法依据、责任承担主体、责任划分与承担、责任追究方式及救济途径等诸多实际问题,以期形成“权责一致,罚当其责”的行政执法责任制度。     

可持续发展视角下的辅警人员权利保障分析

辅警①是指由公安机关聘用,协助在编警察履行各项职能的辅助治安力量。辅警制度是当代世界各国普遍实行的制度,我国虽起步较晚,但辅警人员已成为缓解警力紧张、维护社会治安稳定的重要力量。但我国辅警队伍的可持续发展正面临着现实困境,因此这需要我们正视辅警人员的权利需求,从可持续发展的视角审视辅警权利保障缺失的现状,完善以可持续发展为目标的权利保障制度。     

权利二重性:解读农民自杀问题的一个视角

权利二重性是理解30年来农民自杀率变迁逻辑及其区域差异现象的重要理论视角。其中,权利启蒙论认为,分田到户以来,市场改变了资源的代际分配结构,农民的权利意识不断被启蒙,农民的行为逻辑逐渐从义务本位向权利本位转变,从而引发了农民家庭权力结构和家庭伦理秩序的适应性调整,使农民自杀现象在社会转型期得以凸显。权利规约论认为,农民的权利表达一旦失去有效的规约机制,就有可能在农村社会形成不利于老年人的自杀秩序;而如果能够得到村庄内部结构性力量的有效规约,农民代际之间的权利与义务关系就会在新的水平上达成均势状态,农民的自杀率随之就会出现明显的下降现象。     

Detention under the Mental Health Act: balancing rights,risks and needs for services

Mental health law has to balance considerations of both justice, and health and welfare. In the political climate of the 1990s mental health services have become targeted on those with serious mental illness, to address the objectives of containing risks and limiting service expenditure. This paper identifies that increasing rates of detention under the Mental Health Act through the 1990s in a particular region, disproportionately involve longer-term detentions (under section 3), men, and people with serious mental illnesses. Those detained are likely to experience social difficulties. Changes in legislation are imminent, and the paper concludes that thought should be given to the amount of statutory intervention in the lives of seriously mentally ill people, and to the principle of reciprocity in relation to those coerced for lesser periods. Services should seek to address the issues of social exclusion which are reflected in the circumstances of those detained.     

权利冲突的解决——由一则案例引发的对公权力与私权利冲突的思考

权利必然以利益为前提,当法律规定的权利边界具有模糊性的情形下,为了减少和消除公权力与私权利的社会利益冲突,在进行利益的权衡和价值的选择时,应努力使法律所确认的个人权利的内容和社会整体利益的需要相一致。     

人权保护视野下的侦查理念

侦查理念是人们对如何开展、怎样开展侦查活动的认识结晶。侦查理念指导侦查机关的侦查活动,是侦查机关依法行使侦查权力、办理刑事案件的行动指南。当前树立人权保护的侦查理念并让其转化为侦查机关的自觉行动是十分必要的。我们要树立正确的权力观念,正确行使权力,要对一切合法的权利给予同等的尊重和维护。     

Sen's Capability Approach as a framework to the practice of development

Amartya Sen's Capability Approach is increasingly influential in the literature of development economics. It has contributed to development discourse by strengthening the multidimensional approach to poverty analysis and stressing the importance of focusing on agency and empowerment. Nevertheless, the Capability Approach has not yet been applied comprehensively beyond development economics. This article assesses the contribution of the Capability Approach to the field of development planning, by comparing it with the rights-based approach (RBA) and the sustainable-livelihoods framework (SLF). The article argues that by focusing on the capability space, power relations, and participation, the Capability Approach has the potential to become a normative framework to radicalise development practices.