Church–state conflict in Moldova: the Bessarabian Metropolitanate

The article’s main focus is the relationship between the re-established Bessarabian Orthodox Metropolitanate and the government of the post-Soviet Republic of Moldova. The article demonstrates that the Moldovan government refused recognition to the nascent church until 2002 primarily for two reasons: first and foremost, the Moscow Patriarchate opposed the idea of another Orthodox Christian church in Moldova outside of its jurisdiction; second, the government feared that the newly independent Republic of Moldova would fall under the influence of neighboring Romania, whose Orthodox Church offered patronage to the Bessarabian Metropolitanate. After a historical overview of the Orthodox Church in the Republic of Moldova, the article first presents and analyzes the history of the conflict between the Bessarabian Metropolitanate and the post-Soviet Moldovan government, and second, the European Court of Human Rights verdict ordering the government to recognize the Metropolitanate, before verdict’s implementation, and reactions to it. All these are done with an eye on intra-national relations among Moldova, Romania, and Russia, as well as those between the Romanian Orthodox Church and the Russian Orthodox Church in connection with this conflict.     

对证人拒证问题的几点思考

鉴于证人证言的重要性,我国刑法规定,凡是了解案件情况的人(证人)都有作证义务,但是侦查机关在办案收集证据时,经常遇到证人无理拒证或不敢作证的情况。证人拒绝作证,不仅仅是证人缺乏社会责任感、正义感的问题,而且主要也由我国法律制度本身的缺陷造成。因此,针对证人拒证问题,必须加强对证人的保护,明确证人的权利,对拒不履行作证义务的证人给予有效制裁并确立证人特权原则。     

联合国人权理事会法律制度探析

2006年3月15日,第60届联合国大会通过决议,设立联合国人权理事会,取代已运行60年的联合国人权委员会。作为联大权力之下的指导和协调联合国人权活动的机关,新的人权理事会在其职权范围、法律机制和执行能力等方面都体现了对其前身——人权委员会的扬弃。特别是“普遍定期审查”机制的创建和建议权的行使等,可以使人权理事会更好地发挥作用。我国应继续参与联合国人权理事会各项规则的制定,与发展中国家和发达国家一道,推动世界人权事业的发展。     

社会组织在支持未成年残疾人参与权利实现中的功能分析

本文试图通过对一名聋哑未成年人的生活史和生活环境的考察,分析非正式和正式社会组织在实现未成年残疾人参与权中的功能。文章发现,聋哑未成年人在社会参与方面的困难,不完全是由于他自身的听语障碍,也由于主流社会没有为残疾人提供有效参与的条件和环境。聋哑人的非正式组织在聋哑未成年人参与权的实现方面,发挥着重要的作用,其主要功能包括交流工具的学习、同类人员的聚集、交流和互助、以及利益表达等。     

第三人侵害债权制度研究

债权是相对权,具有非公示性。传统民法为此否认第三人对债权的侵害。但随着学理演进和实践的需要,各国在20世纪都先后确立第三人侵害债权制度。文章从学理角度和比较法角度对我国建立第三人侵害债权制度进行了论证。并从构成要件、免则事由、行为形态、责任承担方式等方面提出了对该制度的设计。     

工会依法维护困难职工群体合法权益责无旁贷

当前,把困难职工群体作为维护和服务的主要对象,是工会服务于党的中心任务的需要,是工会义不容辞的责任。     

论私人产权与社会主义公有制

建立现代产权制度 ,不是用私有制否定公有制 ,社会主义公有制和私人产权是可以兼容的 ,和私人产权兼容、产权清晰的社会主义公有制有着广阔的发展前景。     

United Kingdom Military Law: Autonomy, Civilianisation, Juridification

This paper argues that military law has undergone a long-term process of change. Previously an autonomous legal system with little civilian input at the administrative, judicial and policy-making levels, military law became subject to a consensual policy of civilianisation from the early 1960s, reflected primarily in the adoption of civilian criminal law norms by the military justice system. More recently there has emerged the juridification of significant areas of military relations in respect to discipline and certain other terms of service which hitherto have not been subject to externally imposed legal regulation. Explanations for the shifts from autonomy, through civilianisation, and then to juridification, ranging from political and social developments to new human rights and equal opportunities discourses, are offered for such changes.     

论侵权请求权的优先权保障

依据私权优先原则,《侵权责任法》第4条规定了侵权请求权的优先权保障制度。侵权请求权优先权是担保物权,就侵权人的全部财产而设立,其目的在于保障被侵权人在就同一行为应当承担侵权责任和刑事责任、行政责任,侵权人的财产不足以支付的情况下,优先实现侵权请求权。侵权请求权优先权能够对抗刑事责任或者行政责任中的财产性责任,对于税收优先权也应当具有对抗效力,但对其他债权则无对抗效力。     

浅谈我国就业面临的问题和扩大劳动就业途径

工会基本职能是维护广大职工的经济利益、民主政治权利和精神文化权益,其中职工经济利益的维护是其核心内容。入世给中国工会带来的挑战,突出地表现在对劳动就业、劳动报酬和社会保障等的影响上。