论WTO劳工标准之争与中国“劳动三权”制度的完善

尽管是否将贸易制裁与核心劳工标准的实施挂钩在WTO内存在激烈的争论,但将这两者挂钩可能是将来的发展趋势.因此重视核心劳工标准、尤其是"劳动三权"(自由结社权、罢工权和集体谈判权)具有非常重要的意义.与国际劳工组织制定的劳工标准相比,我国在"劳动三权"的立法上还存在不足,将来必然会对我国的对外贸易产生不良影响,也不利于我国人权的保障.因此,我们应修改<宪法>、<劳动法>、<工会法>和制定<罢工法>,对工会成立和解散的程序、组织体制、领导体制、会员资格、经费来源等进行相应改革,对集体谈判和集体合同制度进行完善,对工会和工人的罢工权给以明确肯定并对其权利的行使加以法律规范.     

The History and Future Trends of ART Medicine and Law

The Assisted Reproductive Technologies (“ART”) have resulted in over eight million births to date, heralding remarkable advances in reproductive medicine with a transformational impact on both medicine and law. The effects have been acutely felt on the modern family, as well as on a myriad of areas of legal practice—including Family Law, Estate Planning, Contract, Health, Constitutional, Criminal, Discrimination, Tort Law and, for international arrangements, Immigration and Citizenship laws. This article examines the historical context, present impact, and future trends of ART and the Law. Its purpose is to help better understand these unique developments in order to help law and policy makers harness and craft the policies and frameworks that will be needed to monitor, shape and guide these remarkable possibilities for participants, professionals, law and society.     

Dodging the Donor Daddy Drama: Creating a Model Statute for Determining Parental Status of Known Sperm Donors

Despite recent innovations in alternative reproduction technology and the increased use of artificial insemination procedures, courts and legislatures have been unable to develop a clear and consistent test to establish the parental rights and obligations of sperm donors. As a result, there are mixed outcomes in cases where intended parents seek child support from an unsuspecting donor or when donors petition the court for visitation with their biological children. This Note seeks to resolve the ambiguity in determining sperm donors’ parental status by proposing a model state statute that makes nonpaternity the default rule. Under the statute, sperm donors would not be subject to any of the parental rights or obligations of a traditional biological father. However, the presumption of nonpaternity could be overcome if the parties agree, in writing, prior to the insemination. Further, the model statute provides an exception to the default rule if the donor has played an active role in the child's life. Adopting this model statute will not only facilitate a market for sperm donation but also make donor rights and obligations clear from the onset.

Key Points for the Family Court Community
• Today, infants born using artificial reproduction technology (ART) represent more than one percent of children born in the United States annually.
• When a donor is anonymous, the law is clear: the donor is not a legal parent. However, the law regarding known donors is less straightforward. Depending on the state and the particular circumstances, the parental status of a known donor is questionable.
• The ambiguity in the law creates confusion and disagreement among the parties in a donor agreement. By comparing factually similar cases, in which courts interpreted donor statutes with identical language, in completely opposite ways, it is easy to see the unpredictability in ART cases.
• The proposed model statute provides unambiguous legislation that sets out a clear standard to be used in determining the parental status of known donors. If adopted by state legislatures, courts across the country would finally have a consistent rule to apply, leading to less confusion and contradictory rulings.
• The key issue is honoring intentional parentage and the proactive choice to use ART to have a child on one's own terms.

     

The ILO Social Protection Floors Recommendation 202, and poverty reduction

This article critically assesses the provisions of ILO Recommendation 202 on social protection floors with a view to ascertaining its efficacy for poverty reduction in poor regions. The article discusses the relevant provisions of the Recommendation and how states, particularly those in developing regions, can translate them to a tool for poverty reduction. The article highlights some of the deficiencies of ILO Recommendation 202 and provides some suggestions for ways forward.     

关于修改后刑事诉讼法执行情况的若干思考

The revised Law of Criminal Procedure, of which the key idea is to tighten the restraint on and supervi-sion over public power and protect the private rights effectively, shows the pursuits of refined,...     

论政府执法方式及其变革

政府执法方式是政府执法权力的表现形态 ,体现了参与执法过程的各类主体的相互关系。政府执法方式变革就是修正政府执法过程中参与者的相互关系 ,涉及执法观念、执法体制、执法制度以及与司法的关系等诸多问题。政府执法方式变革应当坚持行政民主化、加强公开性和参与性、法制统一和人权保障的基本方向 ,特别强调行政程序和公民权利的重要性、行政相关人概念的重要意义、行政与司法的关系 ,以及政府执法的人性化。     

标准的知识产权管理策略刍议

随着高新技术的快速发展,标准的知识产权逐渐引起人们的关注.本文介绍了国外主要标准组织的标准知识产权管理策略,从权属的角度标准划分其标准的知识产权管理类型,并且分析了标准与知识产权的关系,提出我国国家标准的知识产权管理策略的构想.     

切实维权与工会的组织建设

“组织起来,切实维权”是工会的社会定位和社会功能。要做到“切实维权”必加强工会的组织建设,构建基层工会的维权制度体系,加强工会干部队伍的建设和新建工会的步伐,把“组织起来”和“切实维权统一起来。”     

“盗版有理”观念的制度探寻

利益于相关主体之敏感性决定着以利益平衡为使命的知识产权在制度上存在着授权与限权之两难。平衡是一种信念,一种理想,一种追求,绝对的利益平衡是不可能实现的,正是这条由现实通往理想,由实然走向应然的探求之路使得知识产权制度备受争议,难以在短时间内获得与有形财产制度一致的认同。     

解读科学维权

科学维权是科学发展观在工会工作中的具体体现,在“三维权”中具有更为重要的意义。科学维权要坚持以职工为本,以科学的理论指导,用科学的理念、体制、方式、手段等推进,大力推动以人为本的企业文化建设和企业管理,使工会维权工作符合客观规律的要求和更有实效性。