试论行政立法与人权保障——兼以行政许可为例分析

行政立法应当以保障和不侵犯人权来证成自己道义上的正当性.为了保障人权,必须对行政立法的权限和目标进行控制.行政立法不得限制基本人权,对非基本人权的限制也要程度适当.行政立法必须制约行政权力、保障行政相对人权利.在行政许可设定上只有坚持法律保留原则、依法设定原则、许可设定公开原则、公众参与原则,限制行政许可设定的范围,贯彻行政立法的"无为"精神和有限政府的理念,才有利于保障公民的权利与自由.     

知识产权非理性扩张的一种认知模式

本文首先描述了在以美国等发达国家的极力鼓噪下知识产权非理性扩张的一般图像,在此基础上,笔者从知识产权制度与所有权制度哲学理念之差的视角切入,对知识产权制度的非正常发展进行了剖析和解读.文章认为,正是我们把所有权制度的基本理念错误地嫁接到知识产权制度上,才导致了今天知识产权制度的失范.基于前面的分析,文章还对中国究竟应制定物权法还是制定财产的基本法展开了探讨,文章的结论是我们应当制定财产的基本法,这有利于我们纯化知识产权制度和所有权制度这两套各别的制度系统,使二者在其自在自为的世界里获得健康和正常的发展.     

从佘祥林案谈公安执法工作中的人权保障

据现有材料,不能排除公安机关在佘案办理中存在严重侵权行为。公安执法工作中侵犯人权的问题屡屡发生,有执法思想偏离本源、法律法规尚不完善、执法定势难以纠正、执法监督存在缺位等原因。公安执法要加强人权保障,必须牢固树立“尊重和保障人权”的理念,形成合理的执法观念,完善并严格执行相关法律法规,更新执法思维、行为模式,切实加强执法监督。     

中国少数民族人权述评——基于政治权利的角度

中国少数民族人权从主体的角度包括集体人权和个体人权;其中基本的政治权利是人权的重要组成部分;少数民族人权的实现程度在一定程度上取决于人们对于基本政治权利内涵的理解和制度理性设计。     

论我国公民基本权利的诉讼救济

立法机关、行政机关、司法机关以及公民、社会组织都有可能侵犯公民的基本权利,诉讼救济应当是公民捍卫基本权利最有力的方式。但我国立法对基本权利的诉讼救济还尚未有明确规定,实践中对基本权利的诉讼救济也呈不规范状态。制约公民基本权利寻求诉讼救济的根本原因在于我国的法院无权也不宜主管宪法诉讼。建立宪法法院专司宪法诉讼是我国宪政体制下较为理想的选择。     

知识产权预警机制及政府在其中主导地位之分析

知识产权预警机制是指能够灵敏、准确地昭示有关知识产权方面的风险前兆,并能及时提供相应警示的机构、制度、网络、举措等构成的预警系统.其在当前世界各国将知识产权作为一种新贸易壁垒、中国企业在海外纷纷涉诉的情形之下具有极其重要之意义,以中国政府为主导建立知识产权预警机制具有较大的可能性与可行性.     

Why Human Rights Should Matter to Conservatives

In a speech given to the University of London's Constitution Unit and Judicial Institute on 3 December 2014, the Rt Hon Dominic Grieve QC MP challenged Conservatives to think carefully about the party's proposal to break the link between British courts and the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. Grieve recalled why the United Kingdom signed the Convention in the first place and, although recognising that the Court's approach has been on occasion properly criticised and may present difficulties, argued that the reforms embodied in the Brighton Declaration 2012 are bearing fruit. He provided a critical exposition of the Conservative paper ‘Protecting Human Rights in the UK: the Conservatives’ Proposals for changing Britain's Human Rights Laws’ (October 2014) and concluded that Conservatives should want to remain within the jurisdiction of the ECHR to maintain and ensure the Court's effectiveness and continued viability.     

婚内有奸：基于法学视角的思考——兼与张明楷教授商榷

宪法和婚姻法规定夫妻双方权利平等,意味着性权利平等,妻子享有性自由权。警从刑法典自身、立法解释、司法解释和我国法律体系的和谐来看,刑法236条没有排除妻子为强奸罪的犯罪对象。否认婚内有奸,不符合犯罪的认定标准、不符合立法的逻辑、不利于降低社会成本和代价、不利于保护少年的身心健康。“婚内有奸”并非是惩罚丈夫的工具,而是妻子合法权益的证明。     

Municipality and food security promotion for disabled people: evidence from north-eastern Thailand

This article puts forward a qualitative method for analysing the role of municipalities in promoting food security for people with disabilities, and examining barriers that affect their food access and food utilisation. Findings from face-to-face interviews with mayors, street vendors, and disabled persons from three major municipalities in north-eastern Thailand clearly indicate that a lack of knowledge of food security among mayors and street vendors, and financial restrictions suffered by families, have become insurmountable barriers to food among people with disabilities. The article recommends that municipalities should create paid employment for people with disabilities and incorporate universal design into infrastructure improvement.     

The struggle to empower trade union members: insights from Zambia

Empowerment is under-researched in labour and trade unions, not least in sub-Saharan Africa. Based on workplace observations and interviews with union members and staff in agriculture, commerce, and industry, this article shares insights from two trade unions in Zambia. Findings show that the extent of empowerment differs between members and that empowerment is constrained by employer influence, privatisation, lack of government labour law enforcement, and union resources. Using an integrated approach, the article discusses differences in perceptions of empowerment, how external intentions clash with local structures, and offers suggestions which may help to improve union empowerment methods and programmes.