Religion in the Workplace: Eweida and Others v United Kingdom

The European Court of Human Rights judgment in Eweida and Others v United Kingdom dealt with the increasingly controversial questions of religious symbols at work and the clash between free conscience and anti‐discrimination norms. In a change of approach, it held that the right to resign could no longer be seen as adequate protection for religious freedom and that workplace norms that restrict religious liberty must satisfy a proportionality test. However, it accorded a wide margin of appreciation to States in reconciling freedom of conscience and freedom from discrimination, ruling that the importance of non‐discrimination could justify a failure to exempt a religious individual from complying with a policy forbidding discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation.     

Enabling freedom of expression in light of filtering measures imposed on Internet intermediaries: Squaring the circle?

This study considers the scope of the injunction a court may issue against an intermediary service provider with a view to preventing or terminating an infringement, particularly of an intellectual property right. The matter is studied in the light of the aim shared by the European Union and the Council of Europe to promote freedom of expression via communication networks. Despite technological progress and the emergence of software that are increasingly precise and ever better controlled in terms of their effects, implementation of a filtering measure appears difficult to reconcile with the right to freedom of expression. Consequently, the problematic comes down to this question: how do we do enough without doing too much?     

论死刑犯实体权利保障的理论基础

在我国废除死刑尚不成熟,限制死刑已成必然的今天,强化对死刑犯实体权利的保障显得格外重要。如何论证死刑犯实体权利保障的正当性,是一个关涉死刑犯实体权利保障的根基性问题。对此,应当从角色理论、尊重少数理论、犯罪相对性理论、权力的隐形操作理论和犯罪二元关系理论加以把握。     

多维度的选举权——基于霍菲尔德权利理论的一个分析

选举权包含多种法规范上的地位和关系,可看作一个有关选举的权利束。按照霍菲尔德的权利理论,可以从权力、自由、豁免和求四个维度来理解选举权。在权力维度上,选举权意味着对授权和代表关系的法律控制力,选民行使选举权的结果便是授权和代表关系的形成、变动和消灭。在自由维度上,选举权意味着个人有权自由地行使选举权力,不受国家、组织和他人的干涉。在豁免维度上,选举权意味着公民有不受约束的选举自由,国家没有不当干预选举自由的权力。求维度的选举权与其他维度的选举权紧密相连,它以选举权之权力、自由和豁免三素为主张对象,在一定意义上,其他维度的选举权只有与求维度的选举权结合起来,才能变得更有力、更具有可实现性。     

Los cuidados de salud para los ancianos. Entre las limitaciones presupuestarias y el derecho a un mínimo existencial

The author contextualizes the effects of the realities of public finances on the (legislative) creation and judicial review of healthcare for the elderly. He establishes the relationship between economic factors and the conflicts arising out the claims and expectations of individuals, on the one hand, and the healthcare provided for by law, the public budget and administrative procedures. The author considers that the lack of financial resources and budgetary resources, while threatening to impose limitations on the judicial protection of such rights, is not necessarily an obstacle to the enforceability of healthcare rights, nor does it prevent the exercise of any other subjective rights created by law. Finally, the author points out the need for a better understanding of the expression an existential minimum (existenzminimum).     

Desgolonizando los derechos de propiedad. derechos indígenas comunales y el paradigma de la propiedad privada

The professional legal elites in Latin America often legitimate the importation of foreign legal models without neither taking enough attention to local contexts nor making a critical analysis of the imported models. This essay analyzes the arguments of a paradigmatic work of this type that affirms the efficiency and superiority of Anglo-Saxon Law in the regulation of property and the achievement of “economic development”, compared with the Law derived from Spanish colonization. The three theoretical sources of the mentioned work are the theory of legal origins, the private property school and a biased vision of colonization. The aim of this essay is to demonstrate that these theoretical sources have deep ethnocentric roots by making invisible the indigenous communal legality in the colonizer project.     

Trámite legal para el pago de obligaciones pecuniarias impuestas al estado colombiano en decisiones sobre derechos humanos y derecho internacional humanitario

This article is one of the research results of the project “Impact of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights case law on Latin American High Courts rulings. Study about Brazil, Mexico and Colombia”. The author indicates how the Colombian State was seen compelled to send off a Law in the year 1996, through which, receiving a special procedure, he is included inside his internal code the guarantee of not repetition as mechanism of application of the decisions in matter of human rights and international human law in said country.     

Protección de los recursos genéticos de los pueblos indígenas en los sistemas universal e interamericano de derechos humanos

This article shows the current state of protection of genetic resources of indigenous peoples in the context of international human rights. The analysis is justified because international law, regional and international on access to genetic resources of indigenous peoples is insufficient, poor and in some cases, nonexistent. The protection of genetic resources in relation to indigenous peoples has special connotations according to its own system of human rights of these peoples, so that it seeks to investigate whether international law of human rights takes into account these ethnic particularities. In this sense, a characterization of universal and inter-American system related to genetic resources in order to identify gaps and challenges of these systems.