Towards a policy framework for the empowerment of social movements

As they move from responding to needs and demands to a more rights-based approach, some French NGOs are rethinking both their areas of work and their ways of working. ‘Empowerment’ has become a key concept in this changing context, although it is sometimes difficult to know how best to apply it and understand what it really means in an NGO setting. This article shares some thinking on empowerment, analysing its ‘object’ (individuals, organisations, networks, or movements) and the ‘process’ through which it is realised. Drawing on the author's own experience and on a brief literature review, it is illustrated by the examples of the international disability and US gay rights movements.     

析我省刑事附带民事执法从宽执行新规定

2007年6月,云南省高级法院、省检察院、省公安厅、省司法厅联合出台的《关于在刑事执法活动中贯彻宽严相济刑事司法政策的实施意见》规定:法院在审理刑事附带民事案件时,被告人行为危害不大,只要积极赔偿被害人,取得被害人谅解的,法院在量刑方面从轻考虑。这一规定,有利于解决法院"执行难"的问题,有利于化解被告人与被害人双方之间的矛盾,起到了法律效果和社会效果的统一。     

公共服务绩效、公众期望失验与公民满意度

运用实验研究方法,随机分配给被试有关地方政府公共服务绩效的积极或消极信息线索,考察不同性质的公共服务绩效影响公民满意度的边界条件,并进一步考察公众期望失验在公共服务绩效与公民满意度关系中的中介效应.研究表明:与消极绩效相比,积极的绩效更能提高公众对政府的满意度;绩效信息来源在绩效性质影响公民满意度的过程中起着调节作用,...     

《民法典》传统基因与民族特色的法理解析

我国民法典汲取了优秀传统法文化,带有鲜明的民族特色。传统法文化既形塑了民法典的独特人文精神,也对其制度建构深具启示。在精神牵引上,传统文化的德法合治影响了民法典浓厚的道德关怀,重视抽象化的人之德性价值为人格权独立成篇提供了哲理论证,传统民本精神、“法顺人情”、天人合一思想、诚信文化都有其精神传承。在民法典制度安排上,继承了传统的典章治理智慧和通过法典化增强民族认同的政治使命,“有典有册”、律例统编的传统形式启发了民法典简约的立法技术。此外,在具体制度上,传统家事法律制度深刻影响了婚姻家庭编,传统典权制度为农村土地“三权分置”进行了历史论证。民法典对民族特色的彰显并非偶然,其原因在于民法典是民族特质的法意凝练,法治发展趋势要求从法律移植到“中国之治”,通过民法典提振民族精神也具有世界经验。但传统法文化影响不能过度拔高,其诸多人文主张仅停留在观念层次,而缺乏制度建构。应对传统观念进行现代化的制度转换与批判性继承,引领新的社会文明。     

《行政机关公务员处分条例》的进步与不足

《行政机关公务员处分条例》使我国的行政纪律惩戒规范变得更加完整和系统化。在内容上突出了从严治纪;在程序上对行政处分作了详细的规定,这必将推进行政处分工作的法治化。《行政机关公务员处分条例》的疏漏之处主要有:没有规定国家对行政机关公务员违法违纪行为的追究时效;没有明确是否适用于行政机关内的聘任制公务员;行政机关以外的公务员处分工作是否参照其执行也未予明确。     

WTO法律适用问题刍议

中国加入世贸组织 ,必然会产生WTO法的国内适用问题。依据国际法与国内法关系的一般原理 ,WTO法具有优先于我国国内法的效力 ,国内法不得与之相抵触。因此必须排除当前国际法适用中的某些障碍 ,从立法、行政和司法角度积极创造条件 ,为我国在WTO法构建的“游戏规则”中成为真正的赢家奠定基础。     

医疗损害责任的规制逻辑与适用路径——以《民法典》与“医事法”的协调为视角

为推进对《民法典》的规范阐释,促使其与医事法的衔接、互补,应对医疗损害责任的规制逻辑与适用路径进行明晰。医疗损害责任整体延续了《侵权责任法》的概念体系和框架结构,在说明义务、责任主体以及责任构成等方面加以创新。其作为《民法典》的具体规范,对总则编之规定予以遵从,是侵权责任编一般规定的特别法;其作为医事法的基本范畴,处于上位效力层级之中,与其他规范条文形成条件关系和并列关系。鉴于此,应遵循从民法典到医事法的适用路径,藉由内外在规范的自足与互助,明确规范条文之间的内在关联,实现规范概念的阐明和规范内涵的拓补,以推动《民法典》相关规则的贯彻实施,促进我国医事法学的蓬勃发展。     

Information Asymmetry and the Financial Consumer Protection Policy

As complex structure of financial products severely limits consumers' understanding and causes an information asymmetry, the need to protect financial consumers has been a target of heated debates. This study designs a game theory-based model and presents that the reason behind an inadequate advisory service by financial institutions is a combination of consumers' poor financial literacy and sellers' abuse of such weakness to pursue their own profits. Our model shows that when there is information asymmetry on both product characteristics and investment preference of financial consumers, having competing companies that offer substitute products is not enough to ensure a proper advisory service. Two measures may be considered to address this issue. The first measure would be voluntary market efforts to strengthen financial consumer's literacy and self-regulatory mechanism. The second measure would be to step up administrative regulations on financial product sellers in both ex-ante and ex-post mechanisms.     

或有期间三论

或有期间研究的一个必然逻辑起点就是论证或有期间真伪问题。从制度的本源上展开分析,或有期间与诉讼时效和除斥期间具有本质上的差异,乃为独立存在的期间制度。然存在或有期间却并非当然具有存在之必要,还需要论证或有期间具有存在的合理性、必要性。或有期间应当是具有独特存在价值之制度,即能够通过限制处于比较优势地位的一方当事人获得或行使特定的权利,结束权利所处的不确定状态,从而妥当地均衡双方当事人之间权利义务关系。或有期间制度的构建则应当遵循或有期间内在价值的指导,着眼于严格性的基本定位,同时尊重当事人意思自治,兼顾公平,以安排或有期间基本制度的具体内容。或有期间制度的基本规定应当与诉讼时效和除斥期间并列规定于我国未来民法典期间制度一章节之中。     

German influences on Japanese Pre-war Constitution and Civil Code

German influences were seen in every field of Japanese culture after the Meiji Restoration. as for the pre-war constitution, Dr. Hermann Roesler is considered the most important foreign advisor to the Japanese government because the constitution was established according to his plan. Roesler recommended that Japanese politicians strengthen the right of the Emperor and establish the constitution by the will of the Emperor, not by the will of the people.In the enactment of Japan's civil code was to be enacted in 1894 but this code was considered too democratic for the actual Japanese situation. conservative Japanese politicians then tried to established the civil code according to the German model and succeeded partly in doing so.