Can we measure civil society? A proposed methodology for international comparative research

In recent years, there has been renewed interest in the concept of civil society in development and governance circles. Broadly understood as the space in society where collective citizen action takes place, civil society has, in fact, proved an extremely difficult concept to define and operationalise. This article proposes a framework and methodology for measuring and comparing the state of different civil societies around the world. It concludes with a discussion of outstanding questions and challenges, drawing on preliminary insights from current efforts to apply the approach in more than 50 countries.     

安全防范报警技术服务业立法研究及制度重构

我国安全防范报警技术服务业的研究起步较晚,目前尚无全国统一的成文法规对行业的管理进行统一规范,而各省的地方性法规和地方政府规章的规定比较混乱,甚至存在许多与国家其他法律规定相冲突的情况。本文在考察国内外安全防范报警技术服务业发展现状和立法现状的基础上,对行业全国统一立法的急迫性作出了分析,试图对规制行业的相关法律制度和规则进行重构,以期为行业的立法与管理提供借鉴与参考,从而实现整个行业的可持续性健康发展的目的。     

完善知识产权制度 优化自主创新环境

自主创新的关键在于"自主",而"自主"有赖于知识产权法律制度的保护,因此,完善知识产权法律保护制度是优化自主创新环境、保护和激励自主创新的关键所在。在不到三十年的时间里,我国建立并极大地发展了知识产权法律制度,但由于起步较晚,尚有诸多不完善的地方。笔者认为:就我国职务发明保护制度来说,发明人应成为职务发明的原始权利人,并有申请专利的权利;就我国驰名商标保护制度来说,应引入驰名商标淡化理论,制定专门法律,加大对驰名商标的保护;就我国的商业秘密保护制度来说,应制定一部专门的商业秘密保护法,明确规定商业秘密的保护范围和构成条件,增加事前预防手段,加大事后处罚力度,同时,还要完善网络环境下商业秘密保护方面的规定。     

论项目导向型政府及其对于构建服务型政府的意义

改革开放以来,经过两次转型,以公共服务型政府为目标的中国政府发展模式最终确立起来.但公共服务型政府的构建是以社会的高度现代化为要件的,即市场的高度发育、社会的高度分化和市民社会的高度成熟、法律的高度政治定位、政府财政的高度公共化.但目前中国这些条件都还不成熟.项目导向型政府模式则是既以公共服务为最终取向,又符合中国国情的过渡性政府形态,它的特点决定我们完全可以选择这种政府形态作为向公共服务型政府的一种过渡.     

预售商品房买受人期待权的民法保护

商品房预售是房地产开发的一种主要筹资方式。商品房预售合同签订后,作为买卖标的物的商品房尚未建成,买受人仅取得预售商品房所有权的期待权。尽管物权法和债权法有些概括性规定对预售商品房期待权的保护起了一定作用,但远不能最大限度地保护买受人所享有的期待利益。完善我国民事立法的相关规定,有助于从根本上维护预售商品房买受人的期待权,实现买受人最终获得商品房所有权的目的。     

NGOs: between buzzwords and social movements

The associations that the term ‘NGO’ has acquired in development discourse need to be critically analysed in relation to practice on the ground. Drawing on an analysis of the rise of NGOs in Palestine, the author suggests that the development of the NGO movement served to demobilise Palestinian civil society in a phase of national struggle. Through professionalisation and projectisation brought about by donor-funded attempts to promote ‘civil society’, a process of NGOisation has taken place. The progressive de-politicisation of the women's movement that NGOisation has brought about has created a vacuum that has been increasingly filled by the militancy of the Islamic Movement (Hamas). As this case shows, ‘NGOs’ may be a development buzzword, but they are no magic bullet. Rather than taking for granted the positive, democratising effects of the growth and spread of NGOs as if they represented ‘civil society’ itself, this article contends, a more critical approach is needed, one that takes greater account of the politics of specific contexts and of the dynamics of institutionalisation.     

证人伪证的民事责任问题

在民事诉讼过程中,证人作伪证直接侵害了当事人“接受公正裁判的权利”,并由此损害了当事人的人身权利或财产权利,因而必须承担相应的民事责任。证人伪证的民事责任是一种特殊的责任,有自己的特质,值得关注。     

The Right to Appeal and Workable Systems of Justice

This article explores the practicalities of a right to appeal. Appeals and appeal systems are usually conceived of in terms of a top–down hierarchy, with appeals functioning as an instrument for superior bodies to correct the decisions of and otherwise to control inferior ones. A fuller appreciation of systems of appeal places at least equal weight on the need for appeal bodies to establish stable, workable relationships with the bodies which they supervise. The need for any appeal system to sustain a workable system of justice refocuses attention from hierarchical control to problems of deference by the superior bodies towards the inferior ones. This way of looking at appeals has the potential to illuminate many recent developments, and can be illustrated by describing recent reforms and reform proposals to both civil and criminal justice.     

浅谈档案收集与服务

档案作为一种信息的开发和利用日益受到当今社会的关注,收集是基础,服务是目的。     

罗马法不是市民社会的法

市民社会作为一种思想观念和现实形态是一种现代现象 ,它培育了近代民法的自由、平等和私权神圣的精神 ,这并不是罗马法的基本原则 ,罗马法的主要成就是发达的法律技术 ,而非精神内涵。罗马法的身份性和权利的保护方法说明私权的确认和维护不是罗马法的出发和归宿。原因部分在于罗马人的实用主义态度 ,部分在于罗马人不擅长哲学思考。