Why Civil Society Cannot Battle it All Alone: The Roles of Civil Society Environment,Transparent Laws and Quality of Public Administration in Political Corruption Mitigation

ABSTRACT

Utilizing a large-N data that covers about 20000 observations from about 200 countries from 1789 to 2018 from the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project, and anchored on institutionalism as an overarching theory, and the nascent literature on civil-society corruption nexus, the paper looks at the predictive capacity of civil society environment, transparency of laws and predictability of enforcement, and rigorousness and impartiality of public administration in political corruption. Using a four-step hierarchical multiple regression, results show that while civil society and its structure is a significant determinant of the level of political corruption, the introduction of transparency of laws and predictability of enforcement, rigorousness, and impartiality of public administration, and civil society environment in the regression model accounted for additional variance in political corruption. Practical and theoretical implications, particularly on civil society-corruption nexus and the broader corruption-democracy linkage, are discussed.     

Recidivism Among People Sentenced to Community Service in Finland

The influence of community service on recidivism is studied by comparing the subsequent recidivism of people sentenced to community service with the recidivism of people sentenced to prison for a maximum of 8 months. The distributon of sex, age, principal offence, times in prison and length of sentence in the prison group was analogous to that of the community service group. The follow-up period was 5 years. The analysis shows, compared to recidivism after prison sentences, was slightly lower. In the light of this, community service seems to be a suitable sanction in particular for sentenced people lacking previous prison experience.     

从上海保安服务业现状谈保安监管对策

随着保安服务向社会企业和个人开放的有序进行,对保安服务市场的监管成为公安机关维护社会稳定又一项重要的管理工作。公安机关应当加强指导和监督,确保保安服务市场健康发展。     

Sacred year or broken reed? The Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919

ABSTRACT

The Sex Disqualification (Removal Act 1919) enabled women to enter some professions including law for the first time. Virginia Woolf calls 1919 a ‘sacred year’ because of this Act in her later essay ‘Three Guineas’. However, the historical literature largely considers the act to be a ‘broken reed’, focussing on its failure to equalise the franchise, remove the marriage bar or to enable women to sit in the House of Lords. This article argues that such negative verdicts fail to take into account the political and Parliamentary situation in 1919 and overlooks the genuine achievements of the Act.     

我国公务员聘任制的生成机理及变迁逻辑研究

作为公务员管理制度体系的重要组成部分,公务员聘任制的平稳运行有利于深化公务员管理体制改革,优化公务员队伍结构,从而提高国家治理能力。文章以制度为核心分析变量,阐述了我国公务员聘任制从制度萌芽-制度探索-制度发展的变迁历程及特征形式,并重点糅合历史制度主义和结构-行动者两种理论视角,展现了公务员聘任制的产生与变迁动因。环境压力、配套制度等结构因素与政治相关者等行为因素相互交织、共同作用推进了公务员聘任制的生成发展,且在变迁过程中表现为层叠式的渐进特征。未来需要以需求为导向精准招聘,推进项目型聘任制,强化分类管理措施,完善激励机制,从而为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化贡献人才和制度优势。     

论实现船舶抵押权的非诉程序

船舶抵押权的实现途径直接关系到实现船舶抵押权的时间成本.《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》规定的实现担保物权非诉程序,适用于船舶抵押权的实现,改变了船舶抵押权通过诉讼程序解决的传统模式.就船舶抵押权适用担保物权实现程序涉及的主体资质、管辖权、受理与审查等相关问题加以分析.     

Civil war mediation and integration into global value chains

How does the globalization of production affect interstate behavior? While scholars have paid significant attention to the effect of global value chains on trade and political economy, there has been substantially less focus on the interaction between globalized production and conflict behavior. However, the changing economic landscape has the potential to alter the decision calculus of leaders on a variety of issues, including conflict mediation. In this research note, I argue that when deciding how to allocate scarce mediation resources, major powers pay attention to the position of potential beneficiaries in the global production network. In particular, among states involved in intrastate conflicts, those that are more heavily involved in the production and sale of intermediate inputs are more likely to receive mediation from major powers. I test this argument using data on intermediate trade and civil war mediation between 1991 and 2011. The results of the analysis are consistent with the theory, suggesting that major powers are more likely to provide mediation for producers of intermediate goods, but not for consumers.     

NGO workers’ internalisation of the human rights-based approach in Bangladesh

The Western origin of human rights raises the question of how the human rights-based approach to development (HRBA) is understood in non-Western countries. This article explores individual practitioners’ perceptions of the HRBA in an NGO working in Bangladesh, drawing on interviews with its workers. The data suggest that participants accept the universal values of human rights and make sense of the HRBA influenced by their organisational and national contexts. Conceptualising this process as “internalisation”, this article argues that the organisational support and workers’ field experience are critical for incorporating contextual consideration into their interpretation and practice of the HRBA.     

“She's Nobody's Child/the Law Can't Touch Her at All”: Seeking to Bring Dignity to Legal Proceedings Involving Juveniles

Inquiries into a range of issues involving juveniles in the psychiatric hospitalization and criminal trial process reveal that, regularly, juveniles are subject to shame and humiliation in all aspects of the legal system that relate to arrest, trial, conviction, and institutionalization, shame and humiliation that are often exacerbated in cases involving racial minorities and those who are economically impoverished. We contextualize them into the juvenile justice system, and look specifically at how this is reflected in the case law. We then consider these findings through the filters of therapeutic jurisprudence and international human rights laws, concluding that these approaches best remediate the current state of affairs and infuse this system with badly‐needed dignity.     

中国民间组织的合法性困境

中国民间组织存在严重的合法律性问题,一方面,占总数80％以上的民间组织属于“非法存在”,另一方面,经过合法登记的民间组织也存在内部管理不善、财务混乱甚至违法犯罪等问题。从法律角度考察,民间组织的合法律性困境,直接地由执法部门的执法不能导致,归根结底由立法不当产生。现行的民间组织法规体系严重缺乏实效,处于正当性与合法律性均不足的困境中。解决民间组织的现实问题,需要尽快制定《民间组织法》,推进管理制度变革,从控制型管理转向培育型管理。