我国公务员能力建设体制问题研究

实现公务员能力建设的本质性飞跃必须依靠公务员管理体制的全面完善与提高。本文针对当前我国公务员能力建设中存在的选人用人机制、竞争激励机制、考核评价机制、培训制约机制等体制性障碍,提出应全面完善公务员相关管理体制,探索出公务员能力建设工作的新途径,以取得我国公务员能力建设的本质性突破。     

《大清现行刑律》与民初民事法源——大理院对“现行律民事有效部分”的适用

“现行律民事有效部分”是民初一种主要而又特殊的民事法源，源自《大清现行刑律》，但在立法层面，《大清现行刑律》从“刑律”到“民法”转变的任务并未完成，即未形成统一法律文本样态的“现行律民事有效部分”。司法机关适用该法源时面临着三大难题：无统一明确的内容该如何适用？相关律(例)文未去刑罚化如何用于民事审判？旧的律(例)文如何适应新的社会情势和法律制度？大理院以判例和解释例，确认并明确了“现行律民事有效部分”的内容范围，从原刑律条款转化出民事效果，并通过法律解释、类推适用和假借等方式，保证了其在民初司法实践中的正常适用；经由法律概念的对接、民法理论的融合和权利观念的渗透，实现了对“现行律民事有效部分”的创新，使其成为中国民法近代化历程中新旧之法融合的一个节点和枢纽，构成近代中国法制史上的重要一环。     

民主党派历史转变的历史考察

解放战争时期是各民主党派空前活跃并且发生历史转变的时期。当面对国民党残酷地发动内战时，各民主党派积极地加入到反对国民党的队伍中，但是还没有完全放弃走中间路线的想法。当民主党派和民主人士被国民党的白色恐怖包围时，各民主党派的立场发生了历史转变。他们接受中国共产党的领导，同中国共产党一起面对内战独裁、争取民主和平。并且帮助中国共产党一起建立新中国。     

Gender equity and social capital in smallholder farmer groups in central Mozambique

This case study from Búzi district, Mozambique investigated whether gender equality, in terms of male and female participation in groups, leads to gender equity in sharing of benefits from the social capital created through the group. Exploring the complex connection between gender, groups, and social capital, we found that gender equity is not necessarily achieved by guaranteeing men and women equal rights through established by-laws, or dealing with groups as a collective entity. While there were no significant differences in the investment patterns of men and women in terms of participation in group activities and contribution of communal work, access to leadership positions and benefits from social capital were unequally distributed. Compared with men, women further found it difficult to transform social relations into improved access to information, access to markets, or help in case of need.     

Civil Society,Environmental Security and Knowledge: Forest Governance in Thailand and the Philippines in the Context of ASEAN

In the domain of environmental security, it appears that a strong civil society, one with strong social ingenuity and social capital, is a necessary condition not only for environmental security, but also for regional security in general. This paper will argue that in the context of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), much can be learned from the empirical experiences of Thailand and the Philippines that have established records of accomplishment in civil society participation in forest governance. Also discussed is the possible role of epistemic communities both within these countries as well as across countries in the ASEAN in harnessing institutions of knowledge to influence domestic and regional governance of forest resources.     

外国公务员惩戒制度与借鉴

外国公务员惩戒制度的主要内容包括惩戒的条件、惩戒的形式、惩戒机关、惩戒程序和不服惩戒的救济 ;比较一致的特点有 :惩戒条件的概括性、惩戒形式的多样性、惩戒机构的双轨制和惩戒程序的严格性 ;对中国而言 ,值得借鉴的经验有 :公务员惩戒制度应高度规范化 ;责、权、罚相适应的规则体系是合法惩戒的根本 ;宽严适中、层次分明的惩戒条件和形式是合理惩戒的重要条件 ;完备严格的程序是惩戒发生预期作用的保障。     

LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THE RULE OF LAW: IS THERE A TRADEOFF?

This essay assesses whether a strong evidence‐based argument can be made to support the proposition that when police violate the rule‐of‐law they do more harm than good with respect to their collective, as well as personal, interests. The assessment is undertaken to counter the common presumption among police officers that circumstances often justify cutting legal corners in the interests of public safety. The essay first examines what research shows about the facilitators of police law breaking. It then examines seven reasons why violating the rule‐of‐law works against the instrumental interests of the police themselves. After assessing the strength of the evidence against the instrumental benefit of violating the rule‐of‐law, suggestions are made about research that is needed to make the case more compelling. In conclusion, the essay discusses how empirical knowledge might be most productively used to change the culture of contemporary policing.     

标本兼治,解决“执行难”——民事强制执行法专家建议稿起草问题研究

制定独立的民事强制执行法是大势所趋、众望所归。民事强制执行法专家建议稿坚持“站在客观公正的立场 ,坚持按规律办事 ,确保既解决现实问题又适应长远发展”的指导思想 ,总结我国民事强制执行工作的经验 ,吸收域外立法的合理成份 ,构建了我国未来的民事强制执行制度。     

完善公务员责任追究机制——公务员依法行政的一个视角

我国公务员制度中责任追究机制的失灵严重影响公务员依法行政的水平和公共行政的有效性。公务员的多重身份导致其责任对象交叉,职责不明确导致责任相互推诿,权利义务不平衡导致责成其负责的法律依据不足,责任种类及追究方式的非法律化导致其容易规避责任等,制度缺陷是责任追究机制失灵的原因。因此,完善职位分类、平衡公务员的权利义务、明确责任种类并将追究方式法律化是完善公务员责任追究机制的必由之路。     

民法典应如何安排人格权制度

应如何规定人格权 ,是我国制定民法典中的问题之一。人格权关系属于基本的民事法律关系 ,应当“入典”;然而 ,人格权关系在权利的得失变更方面 ,与其他民事法律关系又有区别 ,因此不宜“独立成编”。