咖啡因对乳鼠脑皮质神经元凋亡的作用

目的考察咖啡因对乳鼠脑皮质神经元凋亡的作用。方法取出生后2-3d的乳鼠脑皮质神经元,在37℃、5%CO2、100%相对湿度的培养箱中培养7d后,分别加入终浓度为300μmol/L和1 000μmol/L的盐酸咖啡因培养液,继续培养6-36h后,流式细胞仪测定细胞内钙离子浓度、线粒体膜电位和细胞凋亡率,酶标仪测定Caspase-9的活性,电镜和Hoechst 33258荧光染色观察细胞的形态学改变。结果与正常组相比较,300μmol/L和1 000μmol/L盐酸咖啡因组在给药后6h的钙离子平均荧光强度明显增强（P〈0.05）,由正常值43.13±2.02分别增加到45.28±1.16和46.92±1.99;在给药后8h的线粒体膜电位下降最明显（P〈0.05）,由正常值443.58±11.77分别下降到289.53±16.47和165.14±14.72;在给药后10h的Caspase-9活性最高（P〈0.05）,由正常值1.00±0.000分别增加到5.33±1.02和8.33±0.92;在给药后36h的细胞凋亡率明显升高（P〈0.05）,由正常值4.94±1.74分别增加到15.98±2.03和18.70±2.09;在给药后24h荧光显微镜下见典型凋亡小体。结论咖啡因对乳鼠脑皮质神经元凋亡有促进作用。     

海峡西岸经济区产业集群发展的SWOT分析

本文运用SWOT分析法,对海峡西岸经济区居主体地位的福建省产业集群发展的优势、劣势、机遇、挑战作分析探讨,指出：福建产业集群发展的优势劣势同在,机遇挑战并存,在中央全力支持海西建设的大好形势下,我们要充分发挥后发优势,高起点发展特色产业,加快产业集聚,促进产业集群持续健康快速发展。     

大学学杂费水平对农村家庭消费的挤占效应——基于中国农村家庭数据的分析

随着高等教育收费制度的建立,大学学杂费收费水平不断提高。对于农村家庭而言,学杂费负担对家庭其他消费的负面影响越来越凸现。利用中国农村家庭高等教育学杂费支出和农户年人均储蓄额等指标,运用协整检验和误差修正模型,可以间接分析高额大学学杂费支出对农村家庭其他消费的影响效应。实证分析表明,无论是从长期还是从短期来看,农村家庭高等教育学杂费支出对家庭其他消费都存在挤占效应,只是长期挤占效应要明显强于短期。     

在软法与硬法之间:裁量基准效力的法理定位

在认识软法的效力和功能时,不能忽视软法与硬法之间的复杂关联性。软法作为"法"除了具有"软约束力"之外,也能够借助于某种硬法保障方式或机制发挥"硬"的作用。就裁量基准的效力而言,其对内的拘束力主要是基于行政机关的领导权或监督权而产生,并往往通过行政机关内部激励、评议考核和责任追究等自我约束机制来实现。同时,裁量基准作为软法的范畴,不能直接为法院所适用,但是借助于立法授权旨意要求的说明理由制度以及裁量基准自身体现出来的法律原则的适用效力等硬法保障机制,也可以获得一种间接的司法适用,从而产生对外的法律效力。     

鸡CTLA-4胞外区的原核表达与免疫佐剂作用

为了探索鸡细胞毒性T细胞相关抗原-4(CTLA-4)胞外区(ChIgV)作为免疫佐剂的可行性,采用RT-PCR从鸡外周血淋巴细胞扩增ChIgV编码序列;测序结果显示,其核苷酸序列与已发表序列的同源性为100%。将猪CD151基因片段克隆入原核表达载体pET-30a和ChIgV融合表达载体pET-ChIgV,获得重组表达载体pET-CD151和pET-ChIgV-CD151。分别将pET-CD151和pET-ChIgV-CD151转化BL21(DE3)大肠杆菌,用IPTG诱导重组菌表达,SDS-PAGE结果显示,能表达预期的18ku和28ku重组蛋白,表达产物均为不溶性包涵体。采用包涵体纯化法和尿素变性/复性法获得了纯化的可溶性重组蛋白。以每只500μg剂量2次免疫SPF鸡,用间接ELISA测定血清抗体效价,结果显示,CD151免疫组在初免后第3周特异抗体检测为阳性,第5周抗体效价达到1∶13 000;ChIgV-CD151免疫组在初免后第2周特异抗体检测为阳性,第4周抗体效价达1∶53 000。分别用CD151和ChIgV-CD151免疫血清进行Western-blot检测,结果显示,均能在CD151阳性猪肺巨噬细胞膜蛋白中检测到预期的29ku蛋白条带,而在CD151阴性PK-15细胞膜蛋白中不能检测到相应的蛋白条带。表明,ChIgV可作为鸡抗原提呈细胞的靶向导入分子和新型免疫佐剂。     

A Study on the Estimation of Postmortem Interval Based on Environmental Temperature and Concentrations of Substance in Vitreous Humor

A method to determine postmortem interval (PMI) based on environmental temperature and the concentrations of vitreous humor (VH) molecules were explored. Rabbit carcasses were placed in a chamber at 5, 15, 25, or 35°C, and 80–100 μL of VH was collected with the double‐eye alternating micro‐sampling method every 12 h. A Roche DPPI biochemical analyzer was used to measure the concentrations of six substances in VH samples. The interpolation function model and mixed‐effect model were employed for data fitting to establish equations for PMI estimation. The concentrations of K⁺, P, Mg²⁺, creatinine (CRE), and urea nitrogen (UN) exhibited an upward trend with increasing PMI in all temperature groups, while the concentration of Ca²⁺ showed a downward trend. Validation results using K⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions revealed that the mixed‐effect model provided a better estimation than the interpolation function model using the data from our experiment. However, both models were able to estimate PMI using temperature and VH molecule concentrations.     

谈公文中的举例

运用举例能够形成对比,可以分析原因抓住典型,作深刻的剖析。通过举例增强说服力,使道理泾渭分明。举例有概括与具体的分别,有时还可以是数字,可以说明成绩、揭摆问题。举例的形式多样,能够增强公文的表达效果。     

市场经济的负面效应对干警思想的影响及对策

市场经济的负面效应对干警思想的影响包括来自市场经济利益原则的影响、商品形式多样化的影响、利益再分配的影响等。对此 ,应采取提高认识、完善制度、严管厚爱相结合的方法切实加强队伍建设。     

Responses to Gender Inequality in the Division of Family Work: The Status Quo Effect

This study addresses responses to gender inequality in the division of family work as well as the outcomes of those responses. Ninety-eight husbands and 95 wives responded to stimulus information manipulated by means of scenarios. Participants reported more wife-demand/husband-withdraw interaction than husband-demand/wife-withdraw interaction when the wife was discontent with her spouse's contribution to family work, but the demand/withdraw interaction patterns were reported equally when the husband was discontent. The data showed support for the Status Quo Effect Hypothesis: The likelihood that the spouse's contribution to family work remained unchanged (i.e., status quo maintenance) was rated higher than the likelihood that the spouse would increase his/her contribution to family work. In line with this, when the wife was discontent, wife-demand/husband-withdraw interaction was negatively related to the likelihood that the spouse would do more family work. Finally, participants reported a greater likelihood for discontent spouses than for content spouses to increase their own contribution, but discontent husbands were more likely to do so than discontent wives.     

现阶段我国公安“打击与防范”关系浅析

"打击与防范"是公安机关的重要工作和两大职能。公安的"打击与防范"具有一致性,辩证统一性,二者是成本与效益、治标与治本的关系。正确处理二者的关系是做好公安工作,有效地维护社会治安的关键。