Juror Sensitivity to the Cross-Race Effect

Black and White mock jurors' sensitivity to the cross-race effect was investigated by varying the race of the eyewitness in a simulated murder trial of a Black defendant. Participants heard an audiotape of a trial after which they rendered a verdict and rated the credibility of the witnesses. White participants found the prosecution witnesses (including the eyewitness) more credible, and the defense witness less credible, than did Black participants; they were also more likely to find the defendant guilty. The Black eyewitness was perceived as more credible than was the White eyewitness, but eyewitness race had no effect on verdict. These results are consistent with the literature indicating that jurors of different races reach different verdicts, and also that jurors are relatively insensitive to factors that affect eyewitness testimony, such as the cross-race effect.     

法律实施及其相关概念辨析

法律的生命在于它的实行。法律实施是指法律规范在社会生活中被人们实际贯彻与施行。它是将法律规范的抽象行为模式转化为人们的具体行为的过程;是使法律从书本上的法律变成行动中的法律,从应然状态进到实然状态的过程;是由法律规范的抽象的可能性转变为具体的现实性的过程。法律实施是实现法的目的的重要方式。在当代中国,立法已驶入快车道,社会主义市场经济法律体系也基本建立。但是,法律的实施状况和效益并不尽如人意,一个重要的原因是对法律实施的基本理论缺乏研究,对法律实施的实践缺乏总结,法律实施已成为社会主义法治国家建设中迫切需要解决的时代课题。因此,本文着眼于法律实施的基本含义、内在规定性及其相关概念的辨析,致力于法律实施与法律实现、法律效力、法律实效、法律效果和法律效益的联系和区别的探讨,藉以为法律实施的学术研究和实践活动提供基本的知识铺垫。     

Comparing Effect Sizes in Follow-Up Studies: ROC Area,Cohen's <Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">r</Emphasis>

In order to facilitate comparisons across follow-up studies that have used different measures of effect size, we provide a table of effect size equivalencies for the three most common measures: ROC area (AUC), Cohen's d, and r. We outline why AUC is the preferred measure of predictive or diagnostic accuracy in forensic psychology or psychiatry, and we urge researchers and practitioners to use numbers rather than verbal labels to characterize effect sizes. Strictly speaking, d values pertain only to variables scored on an interval scale. When the nondichotomous variable is ordinally scaled, r or AUC should be used. Nevertheless, the values in Table 1 allow one to compare the relative magnitudes across studies that have reported any of the three effect size measures.     

评《罗马法原论》的学术特色

《罗马法原论》是周教授的心血力作,也是目前国内最为权威的罗马法专著。《原论》以传播罗马法为宗旨,专为中国人而作。其学术特色具体表现在三个方面。其一,经过细致的考订和分析,《原论》所译解之名词术语准确传神,并为学界普遍接受。其二,《原论》博观约取,在对材料的选择考订上,取材愈广,辨析愈精;在对罗马法原理的阐述上,则力求透彻明了,深入浅出。其三,《原论》秉承了周教授一贯坚持的求真务实的学风,勇于并且坚持学术批评,为罗马法的研究树立了典范。     

真伪储蓄合同之辨——储蓄合同效力的考察

本文从主体适格、意思表示真实和不违反法律和公共利益三个角度分析了储蓄合同的效力 ,提出了两个主要观点 :一是不能一概排除无民事行为能力人订立储蓄合同的资格 ,无民事行为能力人订立的储蓄合同应作为效力待定合同通过法定代理人的允许或承认而发生法律效力 ;二是反对高息纳储不等于取消利率的任何差别 ,只有在国家严格监管下允许储蓄机构利用一定的利率浮动进行合理竞争 ,才能既维护金融秩序的稳定又保障储蓄业务的健康活力。     

论人民调解协议的性质与效力

人民调解制度是我国重要的法定纠纷解决方式,但人民调解协议的性质和效力制约了人民调解制度的发展前景。人民调解不具有民事合同性质,要进一步加强人民调解协议的效力,更好地与诉讼制度相衔接,以适应形势变化的需要。     

法官的困惑:在判决与执行之间--对一起案件的判决与执行的法社会学思考

一起案件,对不同的当事人送达不同的判决书,不仅仅是法律上的玩笑,它透视着传统法观念的影响.判决要合法是法治的根本要求,同时判决又要合理,以符合民众的法意识,情理法忽视程序法的价值,司法泛行政化,导致法设而不用,司法官自由裁量权过大.判决与执行之间必须有合理衔接才能达到司法的实效.执行要有可能性,又要有妥当性.传统社会的社会组织以及行政权的泛化对于执行有效性而言是值得思考、借鉴的.行政对司法不应干预,但应加以配合.因加强社会组织的作用,使司法不至于在传统现念与现代法律之间无法应对.     

谫论学习型工会在构建和谐校园中的作用

高校教职工承栽着培养建设中国特色社会主义人才的重任。作为以全体教职工为会员的高校工会,应培养全面学习、终身学习的教职工队伍,创建学习型高校工会。只有通过开放式的学习环境。不断提高工会成员的人文素质和专业水平,不断在实践中加深对学习型工会内涵的理解,才能真正发挥工会组织在推动和谐校园建设进程中的作用。     

析评《管制刀具认定标准》

《管制刀具认定标准》是管制刀具管理的客观需要,它克服了以往以《对部分刀具实行管制的暂行规定》为法律依据而造成的省际间标准的不统一,从而导致执法和认定的规制上的不足。但该标准也存在在文字表述上前后矛盾和实践执法中太过“标准”的显在不足。《管制刀具认定标准》需要有与之配套的《管制刀具管理规定》。     

A Situational Model of Displacement and Diffusion Following the Introduction of Airport Metal Detectors

Much of the discourse surrounding counterterrorism centers on the inevitability of displacement, or the substitution of another form of terrorist attack in place of the one that has been thwarted. Yet a longstanding tradition of research in situational crime prevention finds that displacement is far from inevitable, and often depends crucially on the specific features of the incidents in question. In fact, crime prevention efforts are often followed by a “diffusion of benefits” (i.e., crime reductions) to incidents, groups, or locations that were not the intended target of the intervention. The current study examines various forms of displacement and diffusion in response to airport metal detectors among terrorist groups that had been involved in the perpetration of aviation attacks prior to their implementation. Using data from the Global Terrorism Database, the findings from interrupted time series models suggest a complex set of displacement and diffusion effects with respect to alternative attack modes, target types, and weapon usage.