试论集体效能理论在公安工作中的应用

集体效能理论在公安工作中有广泛的用武之地,主要表现在公安教育培训、公安管理、警察心理健康、招警选拔、犯罪预测、犯罪预防和改造、警察战术等多个方面。同时集体效能理论也有其局限和不足,要探讨和实践出更多切实可行的方法来优化公安工作。     

试论新时期人民警察精神

在深入贯彻落实科学发展观,构建社会主义和谐社会,全面建设小康社会中,人民警察如何担负起维护社会主义、巩固共产党的执政地位、维护国家长治久安、保障人民安居乐业的重大责任,要求人民警察必须要有一种警察精神。什么是警察精神,本文提出了精神的内涵、警察精神的作用,培育警察精神的重要性和基本思路,警察如何弘扬和传承民族精神,引导警察对公安机关进一步产生认同感、归属感和自豪感,使整个队伍形成强大的凝聚力和向心力,使警察具有昂扬向上的精神状态投入到各项公安保卫工作中去。     

究竟该如何把握精神：施蒂纳与马克思——《德意志意识形态》中的“圣麦克斯”章解读

圣麦克斯章是<德意志意识形态>研究中的一个空白点.在其第一部分旧约:人中,马克思对施蒂纳关于精神本质(即纯精神)、精神的现实表征(即不纯粹的精神)以及把握精神的方式的思想进行了梳理和辨析,展示了两种观照和把握世界的方式在精神问题上的本质差别.     

从应用伦理学视野看设计的科学精神

科学精神在设计人员意识中的缺位,致使具体的实践充斥着随意与盲目,没能体现出设计造福于人类的主旨。事实上作为人类重要的实践内容,艺术设计的存在体现着科学精神的内涵：不仅是在现世行为和产物方面,而且关乎其长远的发展——从构成应用伦理学核心之一的“责任”原则着眼,可以较为容易的发现这一点。     

江泽民教育思想研究

深入学习、研究江泽民同志的教育思想,具有十分重要的理论意义和现实指导意义。江泽民强调指出:一、切实把教育作为全局性、基础性的工作,摆到优先发展的重点地位;二、学校教育要以素质教育为核心,素质教育要以增强学生的思想政治素质为灵魂;三、教育肩负培养民族创新精神和培养创造性人才的特殊使命;四、深化教育改革,创建有中国特色的社会主义教育体系;五、振兴教育,全民有责。     

The ICO and artificial intelligence: The role of fairness in the GDPR framework

The year 2017 has seen many EU and UK legislative initiatives and proposals to consider and address the impact of artificial intelligence on society, covering questions of liability, legal personality and other ethical and legal issues, including in the context of data processing. In March 2017, the Information Commissioner's Office (UK) updated its big data guidance to address the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning, and to provide (GDPR), which will apply from 25 May 2018.This paper situates the ICO's guidance in the context of wider legal and ethical considerations and provides a critique of the position adopted by the ICO. On the ICO's analysis, the key challenge for artificial intelligence processing personal data is in establishing that such processing is fair. This shift reflects the potential for artificial intelligence to have negative social consequences (whether intended or unintended) that are not otherwise addressed by the GDPR. The question of ‘fairness’ is an important one, to address the imbalance between big data organisations and individual data subjects, with a number of ethical and social impacts that need to be evaluated.     

Neighborhood factors related to the likelihood of successful informal social control efforts

Purpose

To expand conceptualizations of informal social control in social disorganization and collective efficacy theories to include responses to informal social control, and to examine neighborhood level predictors of responses to informal social control.

Methods

The study uses surveys of approximately 2300 residents across 66 neighborhoods, supplemented with census data at the block group level.

Results

Neighborhood mobility decreased the odds of positive responses to informal social control, measured as both “giving in” and “talking it out” when you have a disagreement with your neighbor. Disadvantage was found to decrease only the odds of “giving in.” Neighborhood level measures of social cohesion and faith in the police were also found to increase the odds of responding positively to informal social control efforts. In contrast, social ties were not found to significantly affect the likelihood of positive responses to informal social control.

Conclusions

The findings from this study broaden support of collective efficacy theory and concepts related to efficacious neighborhoods. While previous studies have raised questions about the measurement of informal social control, the findings in this paper offer support to earlier studies by providing a different approach to the conceptualization and measurement of informal social control.     

关于集体土地征收案件的争议焦点和裁判结果的调查与思考

来自数据库"北大法宝"和中国裁判文书网的22篇关于集体土地征收案件的终审裁判文书揭示了如下事实:集体土地征收案件的争议焦点主要集中在受案范围、原告资格、诉讼请求、起诉期限、起诉程序、管辖法院、土地征收程序及土地征收补偿等方面,而法院大多支持原审被告。这一现象说明,只有通过制度设计来降低司法维权的成本和提高司法维权的实效,才能引导土地被征收人通过司法途径维权。同时,还应当完善行政程序违法的判决形式、驳回诉讼请求判决的适用条件以及管辖权转移制度,加强涉农法制宣传教育。     

公益诉讼与和谐社会——以群体诉讼为考察对象

建立和谐社会是现代法治的必然要求,公益诉讼与和谐社会休戚相关。囿于公益诉讼的特性,公益诉讼必须通过群体诉讼达致社会的和谐。群体诉讼的扩散性纠纷解决功能、公共政策形成功能以及程序保障功能都契合和谐社会的要求。     

全球气候外交论析

气候外交是指国际社会围绕气候治理展开的外交活动。国际气候外交的行为主体十分广泛,包括联合国、主权国家和非政府组织等。国际气候外交对于抑制全球变暖十分重要,但当前的气候外交面临诸多难题。比如,气候外交遭遇到集体行动的难题,并常常被异化为谋取经济利益的权力外交等。中国的气候外交目前虽然取得一定成效,但在国际社会中仍然受到一定的质疑,影响了中国的国家形象。中国必须开展气候公共外交,并在国际责任与自身能力平衡的基础上积极参与全球气候治理。