Open Doors and Closed Ceilings: Gender-Based Patterns and Attitudes in the International Studies Association

In 1995, the Gender Research Committee of the International Studies Association conducted a survey of the membership concerning the impact of gender on members' lives. In 2006, the Women's Caucus for International Studies sponsored a follow-up survey utilizing similar questions. A comparison of the findings of the two studies shows increased representation of women within international studies, persistent frustration with the slow pace of progress in women's access to senior positions and in accommodating family issues, some evidence of a chilly climate for women and a leaky pipeline, and significant differences between men's and women's perceptions of the status of women in the profession. The 2006 survey reveals a marked increase in concerns regarding the tension between women's family responsibilities and the academic environment, identification of structural discrimination, and concerns that men have been disadvantaged by affirmative action for women.     

行政公益诉讼与民事公益诉讼比较研究

行政公益诉讼和民事公益诉讼制度在我国的建立已是大势所趋 ,那么两类公益诉讼有何相似之处 ,又有何不同呢 ?通过对二者进行了各个方面的比较研究后 ,得出结论     

技术在先使用与专利权冲突的探讨

在我国专利法中,仅对外观设计专利,在第23条规定了授予专利权的外观设计不得与他人在先取得的合法权利相冲突,而对发明和实用新型专利没有做出明确规定。这是否意味着对于发明专利和实用新型专利不存在在先权原则制约?如果对此两类专利不存在在先权制约,如何理解适用专利法第63条第2款规定的,在专利申请日前已经制造相同产品、使用相同方法或者已经做好制造、使用的必要准备,并且仅在原有的范围内继续制造、使用的不视为侵犯专利权?不视为侵权的行为属于对专利权的合理使用还是专利权的取得不得损害他人在先权利?不解决上述问题,就无法分清实践中专利技术的在先使用和专利侵权的界限,由此可能导致截然不同的法律后果。以程序法的视角和保护知识产权国际公约协定确立的基本原则为背景,从明确保护专利技术的在先使用权、专利技术在先使用权抗辩专利权的法律适用、专利技术在先使用权的效力地位及保护途径三个方面来探讨解决上述问题。     

Managing business political activities in the USA: bridging between theory and practice

The political arena in the USA is portrayed as a marketplace in which businesses and other groups compete to influence public policy decisions. Managers can view this political market as an opportunity to shape the rules of the game by which they operate but must realise that it is a very competitive arena. Drawing on concepts from business strategy advocacy activities like lobbying, making campaign contributions, and organising grassroots efforts are analysed in terms of opportunities for gaining competitive advantage. Results from case studies indicate that many businesses miss opportunities to build support among employees for political advocacy because few firms use bottom up approaches for political action committees or grass‐roots efforts. Suggestions for managers interested in improving the effectiveness of their business advocacy efforts are discussed. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications     

中国民法典集体所有权的理解与适用

集体所有权在中国法学界一直是个解释和理解起来较为复杂和困难的问题.因为,它不仅涉及到民法,还涉及到作为社会主义经济制度基础的公有制和作为上位法的宪法的规定等.理解集体所有权,我们可以"集体企业"与"集体土地"作切入点.集体企业定位上属于企业法人,如今《民法典》更是进一步将其规定为营利法人.但集体土地不能像集体企业一样,...     

行动学习法的理念与实践

行动学习是一个以完成预定的工作为目的,在同事的支持下持续不断地进行反思与学习的过程。行动学习法是通过行动学习来解决问题的方法。该方法上世纪90年代介绍到我国后引起了一些培训机构的重视,并在四川省中高级公务员的培训实践中取得了显著的效果。     

民事判决的既判力客观范围

既判力理论是民事诉讼法学界备受关注的问题,尤其是关于既判力的客观范围,在学者之间以及司法实务中争议颇多。20世纪90年代中期以后,既判力客观范围问题在我国日益得到学者和司法界的重视。但由于我国对既判力客观范围研究起步较晚,对此问题仍需要深入研究,因此,从理论和实践两个方面对既判力客观范围以及与之相关的几个问题进行探悉,可以探讨一些我国处理既判力客观范围问题的可行性方案。     

论民事诉讼中的部分判决

依据我国《民事诉讼法》第139条规定,司法实践中法院作出部分判决是常见的现象。然而,由于民事诉讼立法的原则、笼统,理论研究的欠缺,实践中存在诸多问题,意见难以统一。为此,本文对民事诉讼中部分判决的概念、意义,部分判决范围的认定,部分判决既判力的客观范围与剩余部分的程序处理及部分判决的上诉等问题进行了初步探讨,以期对完善民事诉讼立法有所裨益。     

被告人最后陈述制度构造原理

被告人最后陈述制度是刑事诉讼制度的有机组成,大致存在三种制度模式及相应立法体例,但现有制度设计普遍不尽完善并缺乏价值原理上的共识.为此,应当将被告人最后陈述制度放置于整个刑事诉讼的宏观视野加以考察并与刑事诉讼的各项基本原理相联系,其中,被告人最后陈述的权利、规则及程序是其制度构造的核心要素.这一制度应当为我国的立法、司法实践和理论研究所重视.     

附带诉讼制度构建质疑--兼论行政、民事纠纷交织案件的处理

对于行政与民事纠纷相交织的重合案件,学界有主张认为应当构建附带诉讼进行处理,尽管对具体的附带方式学者之间也有分歧."附带诉讼"的理论基础是"法院判决统一"论."附带诉讼"在理论上是为避免民、行诉讼程序得出矛盾结论;在实践上是为了贯彻诉讼经济原则要求.但其理论基础并不必然正当,诉讼效益的追求也经不起实证考察.文章认为,对于该类案件的处理方式应当坚持民事、行政诉讼程序分别处理,民事对具体行政行为进行全面审查,其结论可以和行政诉讼的认定不一致.