本土法与外来法:美国的经验

美国法的历史经历了从无到有,从继受外来法到形成发展美国本土法 的漫长过程。这一过程是有机的、渐进的、不可任意割裂。１７世纪早期殖民地的法 制状况具有多元化与创新性相结合的特点。１８世纪殖民地大规模、全面系统地继受 英国法。独立战争至１９世纪中叶美国本土法形成。在移植外来法、形成本土法的过 程中,美国人重视法律本土资源,坚持可适用性原则。在法律移植过程中,最先被本 土化的是初级规划,次级规划则较晚被本土化。     

Making sense of EU comprehensive security towards conceptual and analytical clarity

Abstract

European leaders frequently vaunt the European Union's distinctiveness in adopting and pursuing a comprehensive approach to security. The EU's profile as an international actor is designed to span across all dimensions of security. As a result, its security policy portfolio involves a large number of institutional actors and policies that need to be coordinated. The ambition of the EU to provide security in a comprehensive manner raises challenges at the politico–strategic level, at the level of operational and policy planning and in day-to-day implementation. So far, the field is lacking an inclusive analytical framework for the analysis of providing security through a distinctively comprehensive civil–military, economic and political organisation. This article seeks to close this gap by providing suggestions for how the wide range of issues related to comprehensive security could be structured, and by framing the matter theoretically and with reference to existing conceptual work and empirical research.     

市售乌梢蛇的微性状鉴别研究

目的 探寻一种简单有效的方法,以快速鉴别市售乌梢蛇的真伪。方法 通过微性状鉴定法,对市售乌梢蛇的真伪进行鉴别。结果 乌梢蛇在市场上的伪品有灰鼠蛇、滑鼠蛇、眼镜蛇、赤链华游蛇、白链蛇等。通过微性状鉴别研究发现,湖南和四川产乌梢蛇体背的单鳞蛇皮均呈紫黑色,腹部均呈淡蓝色,具杂乱分布的斑点群,且湖南产乌梢蛇中央纵线处为黄棕色,具整齐分布的黑色斑点群;乌梢蛇伪品的单鳞蛇皮在其色泽与斑纹上与正品具有明显差异。结论 微性状鉴别方法可有效且精准地鉴别市售乌梢蛇的真伪,弥补传统经验鉴别的不足。     

区块链智能合约场景下共犯归责逻辑的应对与重塑

伴随着区块链技术的社会整合进程,以智能合约为载体的新型共犯样本呈现出异化形态,对此传统共犯归责模式面临"去中心"环境下网络平台的监管弱化、"假名主义"环境下交互主体的参与虚化、合约主体意思联络"单向一次性"的归责困境,需在尊重数字逻辑的前提下联动调整共犯归责逻辑,以实现智能合约共犯归责范阈的外限界定与内限梳清。在外部界限层面,需将合约自执行程序规范还原为因果共犯论逻辑,并等置转换为合法则的条件公式,从而于入罪向度上实现虚拟参与行为与现实法益侵害之间因果流程的具体判定;在内部界限层面,需对中立性的智能合约运维平台进行类型划分并匹配构建内涵"事前基于自主发现产生的验证、报告"与"事后基于被动通知产生的断网、消除"注意义务体系,同时对合约主体的共犯归责在客观层面、主观层面分别引入行为共同理论与"符号语言"意思联络理论,从而于出罪向度上实现合约共犯参与类型的梳清与处罚范阈的缩限。     

《德意志意识形态》对虚幻共同体的论述及其当代意义

马克思恩格斯在<德意志意识形态>中认为国家是虚幻的共同体,作为独立的东西而与各个个人对立起来,不能从根本上普遍地代表每个人的利益和价值追求,但是,个人只有在虚幻共同体中才能打开通向最终自由解放的道路.这些论述反映着马克思恩格斯对国家、集体、共同利益的独特视角.共同体是否具有虚幻性质,与它对个人利益的满足程度有关,也与人们对它的设定有关.研究这个问题对我们认识和解决当前我国政治经济改革中的有关问题具有重要的指导意义.     

An assessment of the proportionality of regulation of ‘over the top’ communications services under Europe's common regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services

‘Over the top’ communications services such as Skype and FaceTime are changing the way we communicate, carrying voice and video traffic over the Internet. Unlike traditional mobile and fixed line alternatives, these services fall outside the reach of the common regulatory framework. Whilst an absence of regulation is not appropriate, neither is subjecting these services to the full gamut of regulation the path forward: an analysis of the core elements of the regulatory frameworks reveals that, in respect of data retention and privacy, harmonisation of regulation is appropriate. The remaining challenge is determining whether effective regulation could indeed be imposed on services offered from outside the EU.     

国外专家证人制度对我国医疗损害鉴定体制改革的启示

司法鉴定过程中专家证人制度是其灵魂。就国外来说，大陆法系和英美法系对专家证人制度的规定大相径庭。本文从概念定位、选任和出庭制度等方面比较大陆法系和英美法系在专家证人方面的规定，进而提出完善我国专家证人制度的若干建议。     

马来西亚合同法论纲

由于历史原因,《马来西亚合同法》并非调整马来西亚合同关系的唯一法律渊源,英国普通法、交易习惯等都是其正式的法律渊源。《马来西亚合同法》比较全面地贯彻了合同自由、促进交易的理念,其受英国普通法、尤其是印度合同法的影响较深。     

Subnational Governments in the Negotiation of the Multiannual Financial Framework 2014–2020: The Case of Spain

The negotiation of the Multiannual Financial Framework 2014–2020 has been an outstanding topic on the agenda of the EU during the past few years, on which subnational units also tried to have a say. In this article we analyse the formal institutional framework available for the Spanish Autonomous Communities to participate in the negotiation of the Cohesion Policy 2014–2020 and the Common Agriculture Policy 2014–2020. By analysing this participation, this text explores how this institutional framework has evolved during the past few years and how the Autonomous Communities could represent their interests at the domestic and supranational level within these crucial negotiations.     

多元法律文化的混合——论英国普通法的“混合性”特征及其启示

英国普通法是多种法律文化混合生成的，具有一种“混合性”的特征。普通法的“混合性”，既指其历史渊源的多样性，也指其法律内容的有机性。中央集权的强化是推动普通法“混合性”特征形成的政治要素，不同法律文化之间的相通、深厚的盎格鲁-撒克逊习惯法传统、实用主义的法律风格是影响这一特征形成的法律要素。借鉴普通法“混合性”特征及其形成的经验，构建有中国特色的社会主义法律体系，应当混合现有的传统法、苏联法、欧关法等法律文化。在混合过程中，要重视政治权力的积极作用，珍惜传统法律文化，和采取实用的态度。