Ethnic diversity decreases turnout. Comparative evidence from over 650 elections around the world

Ethnic diversity has been shown to play a significant role in public goods provision, economic growth and government quality, to mention a few. However, we do not know which is the impact of ethnic diversity on turnout. In this article, we determine which dimensions of ethnic diversity affects turnout. To do so, we have gathered data from over 650 parliamentary elections in 102 democracies covering over a fifty-year period. Our models and seven complementary robustness checks show that elections in countries with more fractionalised, more polarised and more concentrated ethnic groups have a significantly and substantially lower turnout.     

Socialism,capitalism, or Chinism?

Is China still building socialism or has it already built capitalism? Or maybe both? Or maybe none of those two systems? Or maybe with the market reforms that deviate from the traditional socialism, it has created something different from the classical types of political and socio-economic regimes known from the 20th century? Some authors have proclaimed that there has been capitalism in China for some time; others claim that socialism has developed there, of course one with Chinese characteristics. Shortages have been successfully eliminated, but the economic system is unbalanced, showing surpluses this time. So, is it socialism, as the official Chinese authorities claim, or capitalism, as asserted by numerous economists? Tertium non datur? By no means, as there are yet other possibilities of system interpretations and the most fascinating of them is being offered by the present-day China, where a unique internal convergence is taking place. Features of socialism intermingle with essentials of capitalism and vice versa, creating a new, different quality. Tertium datur.     

检察官客观义务的履行

实证研究表明,检察官客观义务被检察官所普遍认同,但执法偏差与胜诉心态还在一定程度上功利性地存在。检察一体目前是保障检察官客观义务启动的重要方式,但在外围制度缺位的情况下,检察官客观义务在我国无法发挥太大的实效。应该在保留并改造检察官考评体制的基础上,促进检察官客观义务的实现。     

中泰《会计法》比较研究

本文从总体、总则、会计核算和相关文件、会计监督、会计机构和会计人员、法律责任等方面对中泰两国《会计法》进行比较研究。笔者认为,中泰两国《会计法》在大的方面具有一致性,但中国《会计法》的内容更丰富、更全面。这有助于了解《泰国会计法》以及中泰两国《会计法》的差异。     

企业间网络的存在性：一个比较制度分析框架

企业间网络已经日益成为现实生活中一种重要的组织形式,企业间网络的存在是由于市场和企业都存在失灵的可能,而且企业间网络在一定条件下可以节约交易成本、提高资产专用性水平和企业创新能力,并有助于企业形成可持续的竞争优势。当企业从企业间网络中所获得的净收益大于从市场以及企业形式中所获得的收益时,企业间网络就会出现。     

THE AUSTRALIAN CHILD SUPPORT AGENCY:

The Australian Child Support Agency is recognized as a world leader in the delivery of child support services. But the rapid growth in debt between 1998 and 2003 signaled a need to develop strategies to counter the growth in owed child support. A Debt Study was undertaken in late 2002 to establish the collectibility of debt by category of cases with debt, search for the most cost-effective methods of debt collection, and determine if other client and debt segmentation methods were warranted. The success of the Debt Study led to the implementation of the Intensive Debt Collection strategy in 2003–04.     

充分发挥高校共青团组织的作用——当代大学生理想状况调研与思考

了解当代大学生的思想状况,更准确地把握大学生的思想脉搏,有的放矢地开展团的工作,充分发挥共青团在高校学生德育创新中的作用。加强对学校德育工作者队伍的建设,特别是团干部队伍、辅导员队伍和学生干部队伍的建设,全方位推进大学生素质教育。     

警务科学研究集约论

警务科学研究集约的蕴义 ,即以一种去粗取精、高度凝结、梳理成体的表现方式来归纳、整合、提炼、组构警察行业课题式研究的基本理念、成品形态、验收标的的主要方面 ,从中打造出一种警务系统的实用文化与主体精神     

我国社会阶层的分化对统战工作的挑战及对策研究

改革开放以来,我国社会结构变化的一个重要体现就是社会阶层构成的变化,不仅原有的社会阶级内部出现了重大变动,而且出现了新的社会阶层。这种社会阶层构成的深刻变化必然给统战工作带来严重挑战。研究新情况,解决新问题,适应新形势的发展,采取积极的对应措施是当前统战工作的重要课题。     

Victim or injurer, small car or SUV: Tort liability rules under role-type uncertainty

In this paper we modify the standard tort model by introducing role-type uncertainty. That is, we assume that neither party knows in advance whether she will be the victim or the injurer when an accident occurs. When the standards of care of the two parties are set at the socially optimal levels, only pure comparative negligence and the equal division rule guarantee efficiency, while the rules of simple negligence, contributory negligence, and comparative negligence with fixed division (other than a 50:50 split) may produce inefficient equilibria. Since pure comparative negligence splits liability between negligent parties according to each party's degree of fault, it makes the accident loss division independent of one's role-type. This produces its efficiency advantage.We extend the model to the choice of vehicle size, as a factor determining who will be the injurer and who the victim in motor vehicle collisions. In the extension we analyze various standard negligence-based liability rules, and tax rules, as instruments to mitigate inefficiency resulting from the vehicle size “arms race.” We also examine two strict liability rules, one of which incorporates a comparative negligence feature; this rule prevents inefficiency from both role-type uncertainty and from the “arms race.”